Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Relationship between Vegetation (Halophyte Communites) Distribution and Environmental Factors in Estuaries in Korea

한반도 하구에 분포하는 식생(염생식물 군락)과 환경요인 간의 관계

  • Sung, Nak-Pil (Doohee Institute of Ecological Research, Korea Ecosystem Service Inc.) ;
  • Moon, Jeong-Suk (Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Hak (Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 성낙필 ((주)생태조사단 부설 두희생태연구소) ;
  • 문정숙 (국립환경과학원 물환경공학연구과) ;
  • 김종학 (국립환경과학원 물환경공학연구과)
  • Received : 2022.03.10
  • Accepted : 2022.03.20
  • Published : 2022.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was identified the distribution of vegetation in domestic estuaries and analysed the relationship with environmental fcators based on the health assessment data of the estuary ecosystem surveyed between 2016 and 2018. Of the 325 estuaries surveyed, 187 vegetation communites were investigated in 300 estuaries and 53 halophyte communites accounted for 28.3%. No vegetation distribution was found in the other 25 estuaries. Considering the circulation of estuary, 41 halophyte communites were investigated in open estuaries and 26 halophyte communites in closed estuaries. As a result of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between the entire distributed vegetation community and environmental factors, salinity (conductivity), T-N, and T-P concentrations were strongly correlated. Among the riverbed material materials of the estuary, the composition ratio of silt, sand, and pebble was the most correlated. Therefor, it is estimated that the distribution location of the halophyte communites were differentiated by being influenced by the sea ares, estuary circulation type, resistance to salinity and riverbed material ratio.

본 연구는 환경부에서 수행 중인 하구 수생태계 현황 조사 및 건강성 평가 연구용역의 일부이며, 2016년~2018년까지 수행된 조사 결과를 분석하였다. 조사 결과 총 325개의 하구 중 식생분포가 확인되지 않은 25개 지점을 제외한 300개 하구에서 총 187개의 식물군락 유형이 조사되었으며 이 중 염생식물 군락은 53개로 28.3%였다. 하구순환 유형에 따라서는 열린하구에서 41개, 닫힌하구에서 26개 염생식물 군락이 확인되었다. 분포하는 식생과 환경요인 간의 정준상관분석(CCA) 결과 수질요인에서는 염도(전기전도도) 및 T-N, T-P 농도가 상관성이 강했으며 하상재료 요인 중에서는 Silt, Sand, Pebble 구성비율이 가장 강한 상관성을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합할 때 한반도 해안 하구에 분포하는 염생식물 군락의 분포 특성은 해역, 하구순환 유형, 염도에 대한 내성, 하상재료 분포 비율 등에 따라 각 우점종의 입지가 차별화되는 결과를 나타내었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 환경부의 재원으로 국립환경과학원의 지원을 받아 수행하였습니다(NIER-2020-04-02-009).

References

  1. An, S.M., S.Y. Lee and J.U. Choi. 2011. Classifications of ecological districts for estuarine ecosystem restoration; Examples of Goseong Bay Estuaries, South Sea, Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography 16(2): 70-80.
  2. An, S.M., S.Y. Lee and S.J. Jeong. 2006. Seasonal biomass and carbon, nitrogen contents change of Schoenoplectus trigueter in Nakdong river estuary. Journal of Korean Wetlands Society 8(3): 39-49.
  3. Bart, D. and J.M. Hartman. 2003. Environmental determinants of Phragmites australis expansion in a New Jersey salt marsh: an experimental approach. Oikos 89(1): 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890107.x
  4. Cheong, J.H., J.H. Chae, S.H. Lee and B.H. Kim. 2013. Halophyte flora and vegetation of four seashore sites in Jejudo. The Journal of Korean Island 25(3): 91-106.
  5. Choung, Y.S., M.B. Min, K.S. Lee, K.H. Cho, K.Y. Joo, J.O. Hyun, H.R. Na, H.K. Oh, G.H. Nam, J.S. Kim, S.Y. Cho and J.S. Lee. 2021. Categorized wetland preference and life forms of the vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Ecology and Environment 45(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-020-00177-4
  6. Cho, W., H.S. Song, S.C. Hong and D.C. Choi. 2009. Characteristics of the vegetation in the coastal dunes near the swimming beaches on the East Sea Coast, South Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 23(6): 499-505.
  7. Kil, J.H. and K.S. Lee. 2008. An unrecorded naturalized plant in Korea: Cakile edentula (Brassicaceae). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 38(2): 179-185. https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2008.38.2.179
  8. Kim, C.H., J.H. Lee, K.B. Kim, H.K. Lee and N.S. Lee. 2013. A study on the flora and life form of the Western Coast reclaimed land in Korea. The Journal of Korean Island 25(4): 213-226.
  9. Kim, C.H., J.H. Choi and N.S. Lee. 2015. A study on the flora and life form of the South Coast main reclaimed land, Korea. The Journal of Korean Island 27(2): 175-190.
  10. Kim, E.K. 2013. Halophytes of Korea. Econature Press, Seoul.
  11. Kim, H.S. and H.H. Myeong. 2014. Changes in the environmental factors of Halophyte habitat in Suncheon Bay. The Journal of Korean Island 26(4): 195-210.
  12. Kim, H.S., B.S. Ihm, J.S. Lee and S.P. Park. 2003. Ecological studies on the vegetation of abandoned salt field in Gasado. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 17(2): 123-132.
  13. Kim, J.S. 2016. A research review for establishing effective management practices of the highly invasive cordgrass(Spartina spp.). Weed and Turfgrass Science 5(3): 111-125. https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.3.111
  14. Kim, S.H. 2005. The morphological changes of deltaic barrier islands in the Nakdong river estuary after the construction of river barrage. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society 40(4): 416-427.
  15. Kwon, H.J. 2010. Geomorphology, 4th ed. Bubmounsa press.
  16. Lee, H.H. and J.S. Um. 2007. Water depth change caused by artificial structures in Geum River estuary: spatio-temporal evaluation based on GIS. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society 42(1): 121-132.
  17. Lee, J.S. 2003. On establishment and community formation mechanism of Halophytes for vegetation restoration in Mudflat Ecosystem. Korea Science and Engineering Foundation R04-2000-000-00020-0.
  18. Lee, M., S. Kim and H. Jung. 2019. Distribution patterns of halophytes in the coastal area in Korea. The Sea: Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography 24(1): 139-159. https://doi.org/10.7850/JKSO.2019.24.1.139
  19. Lee, Y.G., S. Kim, H.W. Lee and M.B. Min. 2008. Chemical properties of sediment and increase of reed (Phragmites australis) stands at Suncheon Bay. Journal of Wetlands Research 10(3): 9-26.
  20. MABIK. 2017. National list of marine species. MABIK, pp. 606-615.
  21. McCune, B. and M.J. Mefford. 2006. PC-ORD, version 5.0, Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Glaneden Beach: MjM Solfware Desing.
  22. MOE/NIER. 2016-2018. Survey and assessment of estuary ecosystem, The Ministry of Environment/National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea.
  23. Oh, K.U., M.S. Beon and B.C. Woo. 2006. Ecological motif on the salt-water plants of Brackish. Area in Buandam1. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 20(3): 311-318.
  24. Park, K.H., J.H. You and B.G. Song. 2010. Evaluation of ecological values of the southern coastal wetlands in South Gyeongsang Province, Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 24(4): 395-405.
  25. Park, S.J., S.J. Park and S.W. Son. 2009. The Flora of Costal Sand Dune area in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 23(5): 392-410
  26. Rho, P.H. and C.H. Lee. 2014. Spatial distribution and temporal variation of estuarine wetlands by estuary type. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society 49(3): 321-338.
  27. Shim, H.B., S.M. Seo and B.H. Choi. 2002. Floristic survey of salt marshes and dunes on Gyeonggii Bay in Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 20(1): 25-34.
  28. Ter Braak. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis.
  29. Westen, C.J.V. and R.J. Scheele. 1996. Characteristics of estuaries, pp. 9-60. In: Planning Estuaries. Springer, Boston, MA.
  30. You, J.H., K.H. Park, Y.C. Yoon and B.G. Song. 2009. Vassular plants in coastal wetland in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Journal of Wetlands Research 11(2): 29-38.