Environmental and Resource Economics Review (자원ㆍ환경경제연구)

Korean Resource Economics Association (한국자원경제학회)
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Reinforcement of Refrigerant Gas Regulations in EU and Implications for Carbon Neutrality

EU의 냉매가스 규제 강화와 탄소중립에의 시사점

  • Dong Koo Kim (Major in Economics, Division of Maritime Management and Economics, National Korea Maritime & Ocean University)
  • 김동구 (한국해양대학교 해양경영경제학부)
  • Received : 2022.11.18
  • Accepted : 2022.12.12
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

This study examined the latest EU regulatory strengthening trends for refrigerant gases with very large global warming potential (GWP) and derived implications for carbon neutrality. The European Commission recently unveiled an amendment that significantly strengthens the F-gas Regulation. This study presented the meaning of the main contents related to refrigerants in the amendment by comparing them with the current regulations. The main contents of the amendment include drastically reducing the maximum amount of HFCs that can be placed on the market, strengthening regulations related to HFCs allocation, adding products and equipment that use high GWP refrigerants, adding regulated F-gas and updating the GWP of existing gases, and other stricter regulatory designs. This movement of the EU will affect the policy stance of advanced countries such as the United States and Japan, and Korea's policy will also be further strengthened. Therefore, it will be inevitable for related industries to change to next-generation refrigerant gas. Meanwhile, this study also analyzed the latest policy trends related to per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFAS) regulation, which were not noted in previsou studies on refrigerants and F-gas. If PFAS's registration of REACH restricted substances, which are being promoted by five European countries, is made, it will have a very big impact on the industry regarding refrigerant gas. In addition, it will be inevitable to thoroughly review each country's greenhouse gas reduction strategies related to F-gas materials, including refrigerants.

본 연구는 지구온난화잠재력(GWP)이 매우 큰 냉매가스에 대한 EU의 최신 규제 강화 동향을 살펴보고 탄소중립에의 시사점을 도출하였다. EU집행위는 최근 F-가스 규정(Regulation)을 대폭 강화하는 개정안을 공개하였다. 본 연구는 개정안의 냉매 관련 주요 내용의 의미를 현행 규정과 비교해 제시하였다. 개정안의 주요 내용은 시장출시 허용 HFC 최대량 대폭 축소, HFC 할당 관련 규정 강화, 고GWP 냉매 사용 제품 및 장비의 시장출시 금지 대상 추가, 규제대상 F-가스 추가 및 기존 가스의 GWP 업데이트, 그 외에도 보다 촘촘해지고 강화된 규제설계등이다. EU의 이러한 움직임은 미국, 일본 등 선진국의 정책기조에 영향을 미칠 것이며, 우리나라의 정책도 더욱 강화될 것이다. 따라서 관련 산업계에서는 차세대 냉매가스로의 변경이 불가피한 상황이 될 것이다. 한편, 본 연구는 기존의 냉매 및 F-가스 관련 연구에서는 주목하지 않았던 과불화화합물(PFAS) 규제와 관련된 최신 정책 동향에 대해서도 분석하였다. 유럽 5개국의 추진하고 있는 PFAS의 REACH(EU의 화학물질 등록, 평가, 승인 및 제한 제도) 제한물질 등록이 이뤄지게 된다면, 냉매가스와 관련해서는 산업계에 매우 큰 파장을 불러일으킬 것이다. 또한, 냉매를 비롯한 F-가스 물질과 관련된 각국의 온실가스 감축 전략도 전면 재검토가 불가피해질 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2022학년도 한국해양대학교 신진교수 정착연구지원사업 연구비의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임.

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