References
- Shokier H, Khalifa G, Fawzy A, Sallam MM. Experimental use of autogenous bone grafts as an alternative method for bone plates in treatment of mandibular fracture. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 2010;4:1466-72.
- Ucan MC, Koparal M, Agacayak S, Gunay A, Ozgoz M, Atilgan S, et al. Influence of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on bone healing in a rat model. J Int Med Res 2013;41:1648-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060513490613
- Hausman MR, Schaffler MB, Majeska RJ. Prevention of fracture healing in rats by an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Bone 2001;29:560-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00608-1
- Keramaris NC, Calori GM, Nikolaou VS, Schemitsch EH, Giannoudis PV. Fracture vascularity and bone healing: a systematic review of the role of VEGF. Injury 2008;39 Suppl 2:S45-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(08)70015-9
- Cook JJ, Summers NJ, Cook EA. Healing in the new millennium: bone stimulators: an overview of where we've been and where we may be heading. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2015;32:45-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2014.09.003
- MalekiGorji M, Golestaneh A, Razavi SM. The effect of two phosphodiesterase inhibitors on bone healing in mandibular fractures (animal study in rats). J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020;46:258-65. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.4.258
- Massari L, Caruso G, Sollazzo V, Setti S. Pulsed electromagnetic fields and low intensity pulsed ultrasound in bone tissue. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2009;6:149-54.
- Perry AC, Prpa B, Rouse MS, Piper KE, Hanssen AD, Steckelberg JM, et al. Levofloxacin and trovafloxacin inhibition of experimental fracture-healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003;414:95-100. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000087322.60612.14
- Maxwell A. The molecular basis of quinolone action. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992;30:409-14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/30.4.409
- Rissing JP. Antimicrobial therapy for chronic osteomyelitis in adults: role of the quinolones. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25:1327-33. https://doi.org/10.1086/516150
- Davis R, Bryson HM. Levofloxacin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1994;47:677-700. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199447040-00008
- Shahabadi N, Hashempour S. DNA binding studies of antibiotic drug cephalexin using spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2019;38:428-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2018.1562071
- Papich MG, Lindeman C. Cephalexin susceptibility breakpoint for veterinary isolates: Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute revision. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018;30:113-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638717742434
- Huddleston PM, Steckelberg JM, Hanssen AD, Rouse MS, Bolander ME, Patel R. Ciprofloxacin inhibition of experimental fracture healing. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000;82:161-73. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200002000-00002
- Atalay Y, Gunes N, Guner MD, Akpolat V, Celik MS, Guner R. Pentoxifylline and electromagnetic field improved bone fracture healing in rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015;9:5195-201. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S89669
- Clark JD, Gebhart GF, Gonder JC, Keeling ME, Kohn DF. Special report: the 1996 guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. ILAR J 1997;38:41-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.38.1.41
- Krischak GD, Augat P, Blakytny R, Claes L, Kinzl L, Beck A. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac reduces appearance of osteoblasts in bone defect healing in rats. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2007;127:453-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-007-0288-9
- Sitovs A, Voiko L, Kustovs D, Kovalcuka L, Bandere D, Purvina S, et al. Pharmacokinetic profiles of levofloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Sci 2020;21:e32. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e32
- Williams BH. Therapeutics in ferrets. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2000;3:131-53, vi. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30098-1
- Hernandez RK, Do TP, Critchlow CW, Dent RE, Jick SS. Patient-related risk factors for fracture-healing complications in the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. Acta Orthop 2012;83:653-60. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2012.747054
- Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, et al.; American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP); Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA); Surgical Infection Society (SIS); Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2013;14:73-156. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2013.9999
- Pountos I, Georgouli T, Bird H, Kontakis G, Giannoudis PV. The effect of antibiotics on bone healing: current evidence. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011;10:935-45. https://doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2011.589833
- Kallala R, Graham SM, Nikkhah D, Kyrkos M, Heliotis M, Mantalaris A, et al. In vitro and in vivo effects of antibiotics on bone cell metabolism and fracture healing. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012;11:15-32. https://doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2012.643867
- Holtom PD, Pavkovic SA, Bravos PD, Patzakis MJ, Shepherd LE, Frenkel B. Inhibitory effects of the quinolone antibiotics trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin on osteoblastic cells in vitro. J Orthop Res 2000;18:721-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100180507
- Salzmann GM, Naal FD, von Knoch F, Tuebel J, Gradinger R, Imhoff AB, et al. Effects of cefuroxime on human osteoblasts in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007;82:462-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31158
- Edin ML, Miclau T, Lester GE, Lindsey RW, Dahners LE. Effect of cefazolin and vancomycin on osteoblasts in vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996;333:245-51.
- Brown SA. Fluoroquinolones in animal health. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1996;19:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1996.tb00001.x
- Martinez M, McDermott P, Walker R. Pharmacology of the fluoroquinolones: a perspective for the use in domestic animals. Vet J 2006;172:10-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.07.010
- Forster C, Kociok K, Shakibaei M, Merker HJ, Stahlmann R. Quinolone-induced cartilage lesions are not reversible in rats. Arch Toxicol 1996;70:474-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002040050301
- Gough A, Johnson R, Campbell E, Hall L, Tylor J, Carpenter A, et al. Quinolone arthropathy in immature rabbits treated with the fluoroquinolone, PD 117596. Exp Toxicol Pathol 1996;48:225-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0940-2993(96)80003-0
- Kato M, Takada S, Ogawara S, Takayama S. Effect of levofloxacin on glycosaminoglycan and DNA synthesis of cultured rabbit chondrocytes at concentrations inducing cartilage lesions in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:1979-83. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.39.9.1979
- Linseman DA, Hampton LA, Branstetter DG. Quinolone-induced arthropathy in the neonatal mouse. Morphological analysis of articular lesions produced by pipemidic acid and ciprofloxacin. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1995;28:59-64. https://doi.org/10.1006/faat.1995.1146
- Shakibaei M, Kociok K, Forster C, Vormann J, Gunther T, Stahlmann R, et al. Comparative evaluation of ultrastructural changes in articular cartilage of ofloxacin-treated and magnesium-deficient immature rats. Toxicol Pathol 1996;24:580-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/019262339602400507
- Egerbacher M, Edinger J, Tschulenk W. Effects of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride on canine and equine chondrocytes in culture. Am J Vet Res 2001;62:704-8. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.704
- Egerbacher M, Seiberl G, Wolfesberger B, Walter I. Ciprofloxacin causes cytoskeletal changes and detachment of human and rat chondrocytes in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2000;73:557-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002040050008
- Stahlmann R, Schwabe R. Safety profile of grepafloxacin compared with other fluoroquinolones. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997;40 Suppl A:83-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/40.suppl_1.83
- Forster C, Rucker M, Shakibaei M, Baumann-Wilschke I, Vormann J, Stahlmann R. Effects of fluoroquinolones and magnesium deficiency in murine limb bud cultures. Arch Toxicol 1998;72:411-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002040050521
- Menschik M, Neumuller J, Steiner CW, Erlacher L, Koller M, Ullrich R, et al. Effects of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin on adult human cartilage in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:2562-5. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.41.11.2562
- Long F, Ornitz DM. Development of the endochondral skeleton. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013;5:a008334. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a008334