Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development of a quantification method for modelling the energy budget of water distribution system

상수관망 에너지 모의를 위한 정량화 분석기법 개발

  • Choi, Doo Yong (K-water Institute, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Sanghyun (Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Kyoung-Pilc (K-water Institute, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
  • 최두용 (한국수자원공사 K-water연구원) ;
  • 김상현 (부산대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김경필 (한국수자원공사 K-water연구원)
  • Received : 2022.08.31
  • Accepted : 2022.10.05
  • Published : 2022.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Efforts for reducing greenhouse gas emission coping with climate change have also been performed in the field of water and wastewater works. In particular, the technical development for reducing energy has been applied in operating water distribution system. The reduction of energy in water distribution system can be achieved by reducing structural loss induced by topographic variation and operational loss induced by leakage and friction. However, both analytical and numerical approaches for analyzing energy budget of water distribution system has been challengeable because energy components are affected by the complex interaction of affecting factors. This research drew mathematical equations for 5 types of state (hypothetical, ideal, leak-included ideal, leak-excluded real, and real), which depend on the assumptions of topographic variation, leakage, and friction. Furthermore, the derived equations are schematically illustrated and applied into simple water network. The suggested method makes water utilities quantify, classify, and evaluate the energy of water distribution system.

기후변화에 대처하기 위한 온실가스 저감 노력은 상하수도 분야에서도 활발하게 진행되어 왔으며, 특히, 상수도 생산 및 공급과정에서 많은 에너지를 소비하는 상수관망의 에너지를 절감하기 위한 많은 기술개발이 이루어져왔다. 상수관망의 에너지 절감은 지형의 기복으로 발생되는 구조적 손실의 저감과 누수 및 마찰손실로 인한 운영 상 손실의 효율화를 통해 성취될 수 있음에도 실제 상수관망의 에너지 수지를 분석하는 단계에서 이들 인자들 상호간의 복합적 작용으로 인해 해석적인 접근뿐 아니라 수치모형을 이용한 모의에서도 한계를 노출하여 왔다. 본 연구에서는 지형의 기복, 누수 및 마찰손실의 유무에 따라 변화하는 유량, 압력수두 및 에너지를 5가지의 상수관망 상태(가설적 상태, 이상적 상태, 누수가 포함된 이상적 상태, 누수가 배제된 실제 상태, 실제 상태)에 대하여 수리 물리적 방정식을 도출하고, 이를 단순한 형태의 상수관망에 적용함으로서 에너지의 정량적 분석 및 분류, 각종 에너지 수지 구성요소별 분석과 이를 이용한 상수도 시스템의 에너지 진단이 가능하도록 하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cabrera, E., Cabrera, E., Jr., Cobachoa, R., and Sorianoa, J. (2014). "Towards an energy labeling of pressurized water networks." Procedia Engineering, Vol. 70, pp. 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.024
  2. Cabrera, E., Pardo, M.A., Cobacho, R., and Cabrera, E. Jr. (2010). "Energy audit of water networks." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, Vol. 136, No. 6, pp. 669-677.
  3. Carlson, S.W., and Walburger, A. (2007). Energy index development for benchmarking water and wastewater utilities. AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, CO, U.S.
  4. Gomez, E., Del Teso, R., Cabrera, E., Cabrera, E., Jr., and Soriano, J. (2018). "Labeling water transport efficiencies." Water, MDPI, Vol. 10, No. 935, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020001
  5. Jeong, G., and Kang, D. (2017). "Applicability of reliability indices for water distribution networks." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 50, No. 7, pp. 441-453.
  6. Kim, S.-W., Kim, D., Choi, D. Y., and Kim, J. (2013). "A study on the method of energy evaluation in water supply networks." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 755-754.
  7. K-water (2021). Carbon neutral roadmap of K-water until 2050.
  8. Mamade, A., Loureiro, D., Alegre, H., and Covas, D. (2017) "A comprehensive and well tested energy balance for water supply systems." Urban Water Journal, Vol. 14, pp. 853-861. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2017.1279189
  9. Pelli, T., and Hitz, H.U. (2000). "Energy indicators and savings in water supply." Journal AWWA, AWWA, Vol. 92, No. 6, pp. 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb08959.x
  10. Rossman, L.A. (2000). EPANET2: User's manual. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.
  11. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2012). Energy use assessments at water and wastewater systems guide. Cincinnati, OH, U.S.
  12. Water and Wastewater Companies for Climate Mitigation (WaCCliM). (2018). ECAM 2.2 methodology - Energy performance and carbon emissions assessment and monitoring tools. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and International Water Association (IWA), Eschborn, Germany.