과제정보
This work was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC) under Grant number 23038.013359/2017-71; and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) under Grant number 88887.177827/2018-00. We are grateful for the valuable advice of Professor Silvia Modesto Nassar during the development of the research, and to the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments to improve the manuscript.
참고문헌
- Adnan, H. R., Hidayanto, A. N., Purwandari, B., & Nazief, B. A. A. (2020, November 3-4). Rocky roads towards smart tourism: A multidimensional challenges review. Paper presented at the 2020 Fifth International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), Gorontalo, Indonesia.
- Aktas, E., & Kurgun, A. (2019). Smart tourism ecosystems' impacts on tourism destinations. In D. Gursoy & R. Nunkoo (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of tourism impacts (pp. 428-439). London: Routledge.
- Angelaccio, M., Basili, A., & Buttarazzi, B. (2013, June 17-20). Using geo-business intelligence and social integration for smart tourism cultural heritage platforms. Paper presented at the 2013 Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, Hammamet, Tunisia.
- Anita, T. L., Wijaya, L., Sarastiani, A., & Kusumo, E. (2021, March 7-11). Smart tourism experiences: Virtual tour on museum. Paper presented at the 11th Annual International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, IEOM 2021, Singapore.
- Arenas, A. E., Goh, J. M., & Uruena, A. (2019). How does IT affect design centricity approaches: Evidence from Spain's smart tourism ecosystem. International Journal of Information Management, 45, 149-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.015
- Babbie, E. R. (2010). The practice of social research. 12th ed. London: Cengage Learning.
- Ballina, F. J. (2020). Smart business: The element of delay in the future of smart tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-02-2020-0018
- Bastidas-Manzano, A. B., Sanchez-Fernandez, J., & Casado-Aranda, L. A. (2021). The past, present, and future of smart tourism destinations: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 45(3), 529-552. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020967062
- Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2015). Conceptualising smart tourism destination dimensions. In I. Tussyadiah & A. Inversini (Eds), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 391-403). Cham: Springer.
- Bosnjak, A., Sladic, G., & Luburic, N. (2017, March 12-15). Smart tourism destinations: Enhancing interconnection between stakeholders and tourist through information personalization and feedback system. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Information Society and Technology ICIST, Kopaonik, Serbia.
- Brennan, B. S. (2020). A convergence of mobile device application use and smart tourism: A comparison of Korean and non-Korean smart tourists. Journal of Internet Electronic Commerce Resarch, 20(4), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.37272/JIECR.2020.08.20.4.145
- Buhalis, D., & Amaranggana, A. (2015). Smart tourism destinations enhancing tourism experience through personalisation of services. In I. Tussyadiah & A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 377-389). Cham: Springer.
- Buhalis, D., & Leung, R. (2018). Smart hospitality-Interconnectivity and interoperability towards an ecosystem. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 71, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.11.011
- Bulti, A. G., Ray, A., & Bhuyan, P. (2019). Smart tourism system architecture design using the internet of everything (IOE) over cloud platform. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(6), 421-426. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.L1082.10812S219
- Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.601117
- Cizel, B., & Ajanovic, E. (2019). Smart tourism ecosystem impacts. In D. Gursoy & R. Nunkoo (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of tourism impacts (pp. 403-417). London: Routledge.
- Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2019). Marketing smart tourism cities - A strategic dilemma. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 513-518. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-12-2019-163
- Correa, S. C. H., & Gosling, M. S. (2021). Smart tourism destinations from the perspective of travelers with disability. Almatourism -. Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 12(23), 1-20.
- de Avila Munoz, A. L., & Sanchez, S. G. (2013). Destinos turisticos inteligentes: Antonio Lopez De A vila, Presidente de Segittur [Smart tourism destinations: Antonio Lopez De A vila, President of Segittur]. Harvard Deusto Business Review, 224, 58-67.
- De las Heras-Pedrosa, C., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., Iglesias-Sanchez, P. P., & Lugo-Ocando, J. (2019). Importancia de las relaciones con los publicos en la reputacion en un destino turistico inteligente. Propuesta de un modelo sostenible [Importance of public relations in reputation in a smart tourism destination. Proposal for a sustainable model]. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Publicas, 9(17), 117-138.
- Del Chiappa, G., & Baggio, R. (2015). Knowledge transfer in smart tourism destinations: Analyzing the effects of a network structure. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(3), 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.02.001
- Del Vecchio, P., Malandugno, C., Passiante, G., & Sakka, G. (2021). Circular economy business model for smart tourism: The case of Ecobnb. EuroMed Journal of Business, 17(1), 88-104.
- Del Vecchio, P. D., Mele, G., Ndou, V., & Secundo, G. (2018). Creating value from social big data: Implications for smart tourism destinations. Information Processing and Management, 54(5), 847-860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2017.10.006
- Doolen, J. (2017). Meta-Analysis, systematic, and integrative reviews: An overview. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 13(1), 28-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2016.10.003
- Femenia-Serra, F., Neuhofer, B., & Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2019). Towards a conceptualisation of smart tourists and their role within the smart destination scenario. Service Industries Journal, 39(2), 109-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1508458
- Femenia-Serra, F., Perles-Ribes, J. F., & Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2019). Smart destinations and tech-savvy millennial tourists: Hype versus reality. Tourism Review, 74(1), 63-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-02-2018-0018
- Fong, S. J., Dey, N., & Chaki, J. (2021). AI-enabled technologies that fight the coronavirus outbreak. In Artificial intelligence for coronavirus outbreak. SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology (pp. 23-45). Singapore: Springer.
- Gajdosik, T. (2018). Smart tourism: Concepts and insights from Central Europe. Czech Journal of Tourism, 7(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjot-2018-0002
- Gajdosik, T. (2019). Big data analytics in smart tourism destinations. A new tool for destination management organizations? In V. Katsoni & M. Segarra-Ona (Eds.), Smart tourism as a driver for culture and sustainability. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics (pp. 15-33). Cham: Springer.
- Gajdosik, T. (2020). Smart tourists as a profiling market segment: Implications for DMOs. Tourism Economics, 26(6), 1042-1062. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619844368
- Gautam, B. P., Asami, H., Batajoo, A., & Fujisaki, T. (2016, August 25-28). Regional revival through IOT enabled smart tourism process framework (STPF): A proposal. Paper presented at the 2016 Joint 8th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and 17th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS), Sapporo, Japan.
- Ghaderi, Z., Hatamifar, P., & Henderson, J. C. (2018). Destination selection by smart tourists: The case of Isfahan, Iran. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(4), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1444650
- Ghorbani, A., Danaei, A., Zargar, S. M., & Hematian, H. (2019). Designing of smart tourism organization (STO) for tourism management: A case study of tourism organizations of South Khorasan province, Iran. Heliyon, 5(6), e01850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01850
- Gonzalez-Reverte, F. (2019). Building sustainable smart destinations: An approach based on the development of Spanish smart tourism plans. Sustainability, 11(23), 6874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236874
- Government of Spain. (2021, March 31). Espana colaborara con el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) para impulsar los destinos turisticos inteligentes en America Latina y Caribe. [Spain will collaborate with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to promote smart tourism destinations in Latin America and the Caribbean.]. https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/serviciosdeprensa/notasPrensa/industria/paginas/201/310321-dti.aspx.
- Gretzel, U. (2018). From smart destinations to smart tourism regions. Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research, 42, 171-184.
- Gretzel, U., & Koo, C. (2021). Smart tourism cities: A duality of place where technology supports the convergence of touristic and residential experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 352-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1897636
- Gretzel, U., & Scarpino-Johns, M. (2018). Destination resilience and smart tourism destinations. Tourism Review International, 22(3), 263-276. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218x15369305779065
- Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015a). Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8
- Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C., & Lamsfus, C. (2015b). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 558-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.043
- Gretzel, U., Zhong, L., & Koo, C. (2016). Application of smart tourism to cities. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-04-2015-0009
- Guo, Y., Liu, H., & Chai, Y. (2014). The embedding convergence of smart cities and tourism internet of things in China: An advance perspective. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 2(1), 54-69.
- Gusakov, A. A., Haque, A. U., & Jogia, A. V. (2020). Mechanisms to support open innovation in smart tourism destinations: Managerial perspective and implications. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 21(2), 142-161. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2020.21.2.11
- Hassannia, R., Vatankhah Barenji, A., Li, Z., & Alipour, H. (2019). Web-based recommendation system for smart tourism: Multiagent technology. Sustainability, 11(2), 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020323
- Herrero Crespo, A ., San Martin Gutierrez, H., & Garcia de los Salmones, M. D. M. (2019). Servicios "Smart" y valor de los destinos turisticos inteligentes: Analisis desde la perspectiva de los residentes ["Smart" services and value of smart tourism destinations: Analysis from the perspective of residents]. Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research, 45(2019/3), 77-91.
- Hodzic, S., & Alibegovic, D. J. (2019). The efficiency of regional government expenditure in smart tourist destination: The case of Croatia. Tourism in South East Europe, 5, 307-318. https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.05.35
- Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up?: Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City, 12(3), 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810802479126
- Huang, S., Li, Y., & Dai, P. (2017). Evaluation of tourism competitiveness of Chinese smart tourism city. Acta Geographica Sinica, 72, 242-255.
- Ivars-Baidal, J. A., Celdran-Bernabeu, M. A., Lopez, J. M., & Ivars, A. P. (2017). Towards an ICT road map for smart tourism destinations based on prospective analysis. e-Review of Tourism Research, 8, 1-5.
- Jasrotia, A., & Gangotia, A. (2018). Smart cities to smart tourism destinations: A review paper. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, 1(1), 47-56.
- Jeong, M., & Shin, H. H. (2020). Tourists' experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavior intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464-1477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519883034
- Jovicic, D. Z. (2019). From the traditional understanding of tourism destination to the smart tourism destination. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(3), 276-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1313203
- Kang, H., & Oh, M. (2020). A convergence smart tourism service brand based on the 4th Industrial Revolution new technology. Brand Design Studies, 18(3), 267-276.
- Kaur, M. J., & Maheshwari, P. (2016, October 14-16). Smart tourist for Dubai city. Paper presented at the 2016 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT), Dehradun, India.
- Kazandzhieva, V., & Santana, H. (2019). E-tourism: Definition, development and conceptual framework. Tourism: an International Interdisciplinary Journal, 67(4), 332-350.
- Khan, M. S., Woo, M., Nam, K., & Chathoth, P. K. (2017). Smart city and smart tourism: A case of Dubai. Sustainability, 9(12), 2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122279
- Kiatkawsin, K., Sutherland, I., & Lee, S. K. (2020). Determinants of smart tourist environmentally responsible behavior using an extended norm-activation model. Sustainability, 12(12), 4934. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124934
- Kim, J., & Lee, K. (2021). A study on the effect of COVID-19 risk perception, smart tourism perception, smart tourism attitude, and behavioral intention. Journal of the Korean Food Service Industry Association, 17(1), 147-161.
- Kim, J. Y., & Canina, L. (2015). An analysis of smart tourism system satisfaction scores: The role of priced versus average quality. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 610-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.070
- Koo, C., Park, J., & Lee, J. N. (2017). Smart tourism: Traveler, business, and organizational perspectives. Information and Management, 54(6), 683-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.04.005
- Koo, C., Shin, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., & Chung, N. (2013, June 18-22). Smart tourism of the Korea: A case study. Paper presented at the 17th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2013, Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. PACIS 2013 Proceedings, 138.
- Kostadinova Popova, K., & Malinova Malcheva, M. (2020). Assessment of the potential of Varna city as a smart tourist destination. Tourism, 68(3), 308-321. https://doi.org/10.37741/t.68.3.5
- Kuang, X., & Ai, S. (2016). Research on the development of smart tourism in Jiangxi Province under the background of the "Internet+". Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 4(4 (46)), 199-205.
- Lamsfus, C., Martin, D., Alzua-Sorzabal, A., & Torres-Manzanera, E. (2015). Smart tourism destinations: An extended conception of smart cities focusing on human mobility. In I. Tussyadiah & A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 363-375). Cham: Springer.
- Lee, H., & Hlee, S. (2021). The intra- and inter-regional economic effects of smart tourism city Seoul: Analysis using an input-output model. Sustainability, 13(7), 4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13074031
- Lee, P., Hunter, W. C., & Chung, N. (2020). Smart tourism city: Developments and transformations. Sustainability, 12(10), 3958. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103958
- Lee, P., Zach, F. J., & Chung, N. (2021). Progress in smart tourism 2010-2017: A systematic literature review. Journal of Smart Tourism, 1(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.52255/SMARTTOURISM.2021.1.1.4
- Lee, S. J. (2017). A review of audio guides in the era of smart tourism. Information Systems Frontiers, 19(4), 705-715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-016-9666-6
- Li, Y. (2019, October 26-27). Study on the design of smart scenic spots based on smart tourism-A case study on the ancient City of Suzhou. Paper presented at the 2019 12th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, Xiangtan, China.
- Li, Y., Hu, C., Huang, C., & Duan, L. (2017). The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism Management, 58, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.014
- Lim, C., Baba, K., & Iijima, J. (2019). Smart tourism capability maturity framework: A design science research approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), 503-523. https://doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2019.29.3.503
- Liu, Y. (2020). Research of smart tourism management model under the background of big data. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1601(3), 032003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1601/3/032003
- Lopes, I. M., & Oliveira, P. (2018, June 13-16). The relationship between smart cities and smart tourism in low density regions. Paper presented at the 2018 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), Caceres, Spain.
- Lopez De A vila, A., Lancis, E., Garcia, S., Alcantud, A., Garcia, B., & Munoz, N. (2015, September). Informe destinos turisticos inteligentes: Construyendo el future [Smart tourism destinations report: Building the future]. Madrid, Spain: SEGITTUR. https://www.thinktur.org/media/Libro-Blanco-Destinos-Tursticos-Inteligentes-construyendo-el-futuro.pdf
- Masseno, M. D., & Santos, C. (2018). Smart tourism destinations privacy risks on data protection. Revista Eletronica Sapere Aude, 1(1), 125-149.
- Matos, A., Pinto, B., Barros, F., Martins, S., Martins, J., & Au-Yong-Oliveira, M. (2019). Smart cities and smart tourism: What future do they bring?. In A . Rocha, H. Adeli, L. Reis, & S. Costanzo (Eds.), New knowledge in information systems and technologies. WorldCIST'19 2019. Advances in intelligent systems and computing (Vol. 932, pp. 358-370). Cham: Springer.
- Mehraliyev, F., Chan, I. C. C., Choi, Y., Koseoglu, M. A., & Law, R. (2020). A state-of-the-art review of smart tourism research. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 37(1), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1712309
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLOS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
- Muthuraman, S., & Al Haziazi, M. (2019, March 24-27). Smart tourism destination-new exploration towards sustainable development in sultanate of Oman. Paper presented at the 2019 5th International Conference on Information Management (ICIM), Cambridge, UK.
- Nam-Ho, C., & Do-Seung, K. (2021). A public legal task for the development of a smart tourism city. American Constitutional Study, 32(1), 211-241.
- Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 38, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010
- Park, J. H., Lee, C., Yoo, C., & Nam, Y. (2016). An analysis of the utilization of Facebook by local Korean governments for tourism development and the network of smart tourism ecosystem. International Journal of Information Management, 36(6), 1320-1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.05.027
- Perfetto, M. C., & Vargas-Sanchez, A. (2018). Towards a smart tourism business ecosystem based on industrial heritage: Research perspectives from the mining region of Rio Tinto, Spain. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(6), 528-549. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873x.2018.1445258
- Pierce, A. K. (2016, June 19-21). The financing activities of Canadian small and medium-sized enterprises in tourism industries. Paper presented at the 2011 TTRA International Conference, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Polese, F., Botti, A., Grimaldi, M., Monda, A., & Vesci, M. (2018). Social innovation in smart tourism ecosystems: How technology and institutions shape sustainable value co-creation. Sustainability, 10(2), 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010140
- PRISMA - Transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. (2022). PRISMA statement. http://www.prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/
- Priano, F. H., Armas, R. L., & Guerra, C. F. (2016). A model for the smart development of island territories. In Y. Kim & M. Liu (Eds.), dg.o '16: Proceedings of the 17th International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 465-474- New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
- Rongrong, Y. (2017, October 15-16). A mobile smart tourism and marketing system design for Harbin. Paper presented at the 2017 International Conference on Robots & Intelligent System (ICRIS), Huai An City, China.
- Ruiz, D. F., Burgos, J. P., & Ugarte, B. M. (2018). ¿Destinos turisticos inteligentes o territorios inteligentes?. Estudio de casos en Espana [Smart tourism destinations or smart territories? Case study in Spain]. Revista de Estudios Regionales, 3, 193-219.
- Sanches, A. C., Sauer, L., Binotto, E., & Bortolocci Espejo, M. M. (2018). Analise dos estudos sobre indicadores de sustentabilidade no turismo [Analysis of studies on sustainability indicators in tourism]. Revista Turismo em Analise, 29(2), 292-311.
- Santos Junior, A., Biz, A. A., Garcia, F. A., & Mendes Filho, L. (2019). Entendiendo la gobernanza de los destinos turisticos inteligentes: El caso de Florianopolis-Brasil [Understanding the governance of smart tourism destinations: The case of Florianopolis-Brazil]. International Journal of Information Systems and Tourism (IJIST), 4(1), 29-39.
- Savic, J., & Pavlovic, G. (2018). Analysis of factors of smart tourism development in Serbia. Menadzment u Hotelijerstvu i Turizmu, 6(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.5937/menhottur1801081S
- Schiopu, A. F., Padurean, A. M., Tala, M. L., & Nica, A. M. (2016). The influence of new technologies on tourism consumption behavior of the millennials. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 18(10), 829-846.
- Shafiee, S., Rajabzadeh Ghatari, A. R., Hasanzadeh, A., & Jahanyan, S. (2019). Developing a model for sustainable smart tourism destinations: A systematic review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.06.002
- Shen, S., Sotiriadis, M., & Zhou, Q. (2020). Could smart tourists be sustainable and responsible as well? The contribution of social networking sites to improving their sustainable and responsible behavior. Sustainability, 12(4), 1470. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041470
- Taaffe, J. (2014, September 22). Europe's cities get smarter on tourism. Cisco Newsroom. https://newsroom.cisco.com/press-releasecontent?articleId=1488545
- Tavitiyaman, P., Qu, H., Tsang, W. L., & Lam, C. R. (2021). Smart tourism application and destination image: Mediating role of theory of mind (ToM). Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(8), 905-920. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1928252
- Tran, H. M., Huertas, A., & Moreno, A. (2017). (SA) 6: A new framework for the analysis of smart tourism destinations. A comparative case study of two Spanish destinations. In J. F. Vera-Rebollo, J. A. Ivars-Baidal, M. A. Celdran Bernabeu (Eds.), Actas del Seminario Internacional Destinos Turisticos Inteligentes: Nuevos horizontes en la investigacion y gestion del turismo [Proceedings of the International Seminar Smart Tourism Destinations: New horizons in tourism research and management] (pp. 190-214). Alicante: University of Alicante.
- Tsai, T. H., Chang, H. T., Lin, Y. W., Yu, M. C., Lien, P. J., Yan, W. C., & Ho, W. L. (2018). Emerging social media and social networks analysis transforms the tourism industry: Living green smart tourism ecosystem. In. M. Antona & C. Stephanidis (Eds.), Universal access in human-computer interaction. Virtual, augmented, and intelligent environments. UAHCI 2018. Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 10908, pp. 583-590). Cham: Springer.
- Vargas-Sanchez, A. (2016). Exploring the concept of smart tourist destination. Enlightening Tourism. a Pathmaking Journal, 6(2), 178-196.
- Wang, D., Li, X. (, & Li, Y. (2013). China's "smart tourism destination" initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logic. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2(2), 59-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.05.004
- Wang, X., Li, X. (, Zhen, F., & Zhang, J. (2016). How smart is your tourist attraction?: Measuring tourist preferences of smart tourism attractions via a FCEM-AHP and IPA approach. Tourism Management, 54, 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.003
- Webb, C., & Roe, B. (Eds.). (2008). Reviewing research evidence for nursing practice: Systematic reviews. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
- Wise, N., & Heidari, H. (2019). Developing smart tourism destinations with the internet of things. In M. Sigala, R. Rahimi, & M. Thelwall (Eds), Big data and innovation in tourism, travel and hospitality, 21-29. Singapore: Springer.
- Wu, W. (2020). Analysis of digital tourism, virtual tourism and wisdom tourism. In Z. Xu, R. Parizi, M. Hammoudeh, & O. Loyola-Gonzalez (Eds.), Cyber security intelligence and analytics. CSIA 2020. Advances in intelligent systems and computing (Vol. 1147, pp. 18-25). Cham: Springer.
- Xiang, Z. (2021). Journal of Smart Tourism: A new platform to support and define an emerging field. Journal of Smart Tourism, 1(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.52255/SMARTTOURISM.2021.1.1.1
- Xiang, Z., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2017). Big data analytics, tourism design and smart tourism. In Z. Xiang & D. Fesenmaier (Eds.), Analytics in smart tourism design. Tourism on the verge (pp. 299-307). Cham: Springer.
- Xiang, Z., Tussyadiah, I., & Buhalis, D. (2015). Smart destinations: Foundations, analytics, and applications. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(3), 143-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.07.001
- Xiaojing, W. (2017, June 16-18). An application of Kano model to identify quality attributes of smart tourism. Paper presented at the 2017 International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management, Dalian, China.
- Xu, C., Huang, X., Zhu, J., & Zhang, K. (2018, January 25-26). Research on the construction of Sanya smart tourism city based on internet and big data. Paper presented at the 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data and Smart City (ICITBS), Xiamen, China.
- Ye, B. H., Ye, H., & Law, R. (2020). Systematic review of smart tourism research. Sustainability, 12(8), 3401. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083401
- Ye, H., Sun, S., & Law, R. (2021). An investigation of developing smart tourism from the perspective of stakeholders. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(10), 1156-1170. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1953086
- Yong, M., & Hui-Ying, C. (2013, May 25-26). Study on the value promotion and development strategy of smart tourism. Paper presented at the WHICEB 2013 Proceedings, 45, 624-631, Wuhan, China.
- Yoo, T. (2012, October 31). Korea leading global smart revolution. The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2019/03/133_123643.html