Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters (한국미생물·생명공학회지)

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Triclosan Resistant Bacteria from Sewage Water: Culture Based Diversity Assessments and Co-Resistance Profiling to Other Antibiotics

  • Salman, Muhmmad (Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology) ;
  • Ul Bashar, Noor (Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology) ;
  • Kiran, Uzma (Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology) ;
  • Shafiq, Zuhra (Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology) ;
  • Khan, Fareesa (Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology) ;
  • Khan, Raees (Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Hussain, Farrukh (Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology) ;
  • Bangash, Sudhair Abbas (Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology) ;
  • Ahmad, Yasin (Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology) ;
  • Ahmad, Shabir (Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology)
  • Received : 2021.10.12
  • Accepted : 2022.01.06
  • Published : 2022.03.28
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Abstract

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent used in various human personal care products against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of TCS-resistant bacteria in sewage water in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, for the first time. TCS-supplemented Luria Bertani (LB) agar was used to isolate TCS-tolerant bacteria. A total of 17 TCS-resistant isolates were randomly selected from a large pool of bacteria that showed growth on TCS-supplemented LB agar. Based on gram staining and physiochemical characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as Salmonella typhi (n = 6), Escherichia coli (n = 4), Citrobacter freundii (n = 4), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1). The Triclosan mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the isolates of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 23.66 ㎍ ml-1, 18.75 ㎍ ml-1, 42 ㎍ ml-1, 32 ㎍ ml-1, 64 ㎍ ml-1, and 128 ㎍ ml-1, respectively. The antibiogram revealed that all isolates were resistant to penicillin G (100%) and linezolid (100%), followed by ampicillin (94%), tetracycline (76%), tazobactam (76%), sulbactam/cefoperazone (64%), polymyxin PB (58%), amikacin (29.41%), aztreonam (29.41%), imipenem (5%), and gentamicin (5%). This is the first known study regarding the isolation of TCS-tolerant bacteria from sewage water in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. It was concluded that all the TCS-resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, mostly belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Keywords

References

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