Journal of the Korean earth science society (한국지구과학회지)

The Korean Earth Science Society (한국지구과학회)
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Analysis of Impacts of the Northeast Pacific Atmospheric Blocking and Contribution of Regional Transport to High-PM10 Haze Days in Korea

한국의 고농도 PM10 연무 사례일 발생에 대한 대기 블로킹의 영향과 장거리 수송 기여도 분석

  • Jeong, Jae-Eun (Department of Earth Science Education, Korean National University of Education) ;
  • Cho, Jae-Hee (Department of Earth Science Education, Korean National University of Education) ;
  • Kim, Hak-Sung (Department of Earth Science Education, Korean National University of Education)
  • 정재은 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과) ;
  • 조재희 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과) ;
  • 김학성 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과)
  • Received : 2022.01.26
  • Accepted : 2022.02.10
  • Published : 2022.02.28
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Abstract

Despite the decreasing trend of anthropogenic emissions in East Asia in recent years, haze days still frequently occur in spring. Atmospheric blocking, which occurs frequently in the northeastern Pacific, leads to persistent changes in large-scale circulation and blocks westerly flow in the East Asian region. During March 2019, frequent warm and stagnant synoptic meteorological conditions over East Asia were accompanied 6-7 days later by the Alaskan atmospheric blocking. The Alaskan atmospheric blocking over the period of March 18-24, 2019 led to high particulate matter (PM10) severe haze days exceeding a daily average of 50 ㎍ m-3 over the period of March 25-28, 2019 in South Korea. Although the high-PM10 severe haze days were caused by warm and stagnant meteorological conditions, the regional contribution of anthropogenic emissions in eastern China was calculated to be 30-40% using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). The major regional contributions of PM10 aerosols in the period of high-PM10 severe haze days were as follows: nitrates, 20-25%; sulphates, 10-15%; ammonium, 5-10%; and other inorganics, 15-20%. Ammonium nitrate generated via gas-to-aerosol conversion in a warm and stagnant atmosphere largely contributed to the regional transport of PM10 aerosols in the high-PM10 severe haze days in South Korea.

최근 동아시아 지역에서 인위적 배출량의 감소에도 불구하고, 봄철에 한국에서는 잦은 연무 사례가 발생하고 있다. 북동 태평양에서 자주 발생하는 대기 블로킹은 지구 규모 대기 변동과 동아시아 지역의 서풍 기류를 정체시키기도 한다. 2019년 3월 동아시아 지역의 온난하고 정체적인 종관 기상 특성이 알래스카 대기 블로킹이 발생한 6-7일 후에 일어나고 있었다. 특히, 2019년 3월 18-24일에 발생한 알래스카 대기 블로킹은 3월 25-28일 동안 한국에서 일평균 미세먼지(particulate matter; PM10) 질량농도가 50 ㎍ m-3을 넘는 고농도 PM10 연무 사례가 발생하는 데 영향을 미치고 있었다. 한편, WRF-Chem 모델을 활용하여 한국의 고농도 PM10 연무 사례에 대한 인위적 배출의 장거리 수송 기여도는 30-40%를 나타내고 있었다. PM10 에어로졸 구성 성분인 황산염, 질산염, 암모늄, 블랙 카본, 유기 탄소, 기타 무기물의 장거리 수송 기여도는 각각 10-15, 20-25, 5-10, 5-10, 5-10, 15-20%를 나타내었다. 질소 산화물이 온난하고 정체적인 대기에서 암모늄과의 광화학 반응으로 형성된 질산암모늄은 한국의 고농도 PM10 연무 사례에 대한 장거리 수송 기여도가 PM10 에어로졸 중 가장 큰 비중을 나타내고 있었다.

Keywords

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