한국응용과학기술학회지 (Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology)

  • 제39권1호
  • /
  • Pages.63-73
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1225-9098(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-1069(eISSN)
한국응용과학기술학회 (The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

초등학생의 골성숙도에 따른 체력 군집화 : 군집분석 중심으로

A Clustering of Physical Fitness according to the Skeletal Maturation of Elementary School Students : Focused on Cluster Analysis

  • 김대훈 (숭실대학교 스포츠학부) ;
  • 윤형기 (숭실대학교 스포츠학부) ;
  • 오세이 (숭실대학교 스포츠학부) ;
  • 이영준 (숭실대학교 스포츠학부) ;
  • 조석연 (숭실대학교 일반대학원 생활체육학과) ;
  • 송대식 (숭실대학교 일반대학원 생활체육학과) ;
  • 서동녘 (숭실대학교 일반대학원 생활체육학과) ;
  • 김주원 (숭실대학교 일반대학원 생활체육학과) ;
  • 나규민 (숭실대학교 일반대학원 생활체육학과) ;
  • 김민준 (숭실대학교 일반대학원 생활체육학과) ;
  • 오경아 (숭실대학교 스포츠학부)
  • Kim, Dae-Hoon (School of Sports, Professor, Soongsil University) ;
  • Yoon, Hyoung-ki (School of Sports, Professor, Soongsil University) ;
  • Oh, Sei-Yi (School of Sports, Professor, Soongsil University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Jun (School of Sports, Professor, Soongsil University) ;
  • Cho, Seok-Yeon (Department of Sports for All, Graduate School, Soongsil University) ;
  • Song, Dae-Sik (Department of Sports for All, Graduate School, Soongsil University) ;
  • Seo, Dong-Nyeuck (Department of Sports for All, Graduate School, Soongsil University) ;
  • Kim, Ju-Won (Department of Sports for All, Graduate School, Soongsil University) ;
  • Na, Gyu-Min (Department of Sports for All, Graduate School, Soongsil University) ;
  • Kim, Min-Jun (Department of Sports for All, Graduate School, Soongsil University) ;
  • Oh, ․Kyung-A (School of Sports, Professor, Soongsil University)
  • 투고 : 2022.01.28
  • 심사 : 2022.02.24
  • 발행 : 2022.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 초등학생의 골연령에 따라 군집화 시켜 각 군집 그룹의 체격, 체력 및 골성숙도를 분석하고 자료 분석을 통해 초등학생들의 균형적인 발달을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 연구대상은 8세~13세에 해당하는 2243명을 대상으로 하였으며 골성숙도 산출을 위해 X-ray필름을 촬영한 후 TW3 방법 점수 환산표에 적용시켜 골성숙도를 산출했다. 신장계(Hanebio, Korea, 2021)와 Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019)를 사용하여 총 2개의 체격 요소를 측정하였으며, 체력은 근력(악력), 평형성(외발서기), 민첩성(플랫테핑), 순발력(제자리멀리뛰기), 유연성(좌전굴), 근지구력(윗몸일으키기), 심폐지구력(셔틀런)으로 총 7개 체력 요소의 종목을 측정하였다. 자료처리 방법은 SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0)과 Britics Studio Tool을 이용하여 K-Means 클러스터링 기법, 교차분석, 일원변량분석(One-Way ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, p< .05 수준에서 유의한 것으로 간주하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미숙, 보통, 조숙의 3가지 골성숙도를 사용하여 군집화한 결과, 군집 1(미숙)은 근력, 평형성, 민첩성에서 높게 나타났다. 군집 2(보통)는 유연성에서 낮게 나타났으며, 군집 3(조숙)은 근력에서 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 초등학생의 개인특성별 군집화에 따른 체격 차이를 분석한 결과, 신장, 체중, 체지방률 모두 군집 3(조숙)이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 초등학생의 개인특성별 군집화에 따른 체력 차이를 분석한 결과, 악력검사(좌, 우)는 군집 3(조숙)이 높게 나타났고 외발서기의 경우 군집 1(미숙)이 높게 나타났으며, 제자리멀리뛰기의 경우 군집 3(조숙)이 높게 나타났다.

The aim of this study was to cluster according to the bone age of elementary school students in order to analyze the physique, physical fitness, and skeletal maturation of each cluter group and to provide basic data for the balanced development of elementary school students through data analysis. The subjects of this study were 2243 students aged 8 to 13 years, and the skeletal maturation were calculated by applying them to the TW3 method score conversion table after the X-ray films were taken. A total of 2 components in physique were measured using a stadiometer(Hanebio, Korea, 2021) and the Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019), and a total of 7 components in physical fitness, which included muscular strength(Hand Grip Strength), balance(Bass Stick Test), agility(Plate Tapping), power(Standing Long Jump), flexibility(Sit&Reach), muscular endurance(Sit-Up), and cardiovascular endurance(Shuttle Run) were measured as well. K-Means clustering method, cross-tabulation analysis, and one-way variable analysis(ANOVA) were conducted for data processing using the SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0) and Bristics Studio Tool, and it was considered significant at the level of p< .05. The results of this study may be summarized as follow. First, as a result of clustering using three components of skeletal maturation: retarded, normal, and advanced, cluster 1(Retarded) showed excellence in muscular strength, balance, and agility. cluster 2(Normal) showed poor flexibility, whereas cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in muscular strength. Second, as a result of analyzing the differences in physique according to the clustering of elementary school students by their individual characteristics, cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in height, weight, and body fat percentage. Third, as a result of analyzing the differences in physical fitness according to the clustering of elementary school students by their individual characteristics, cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in Hand Grip Strength(Left, Right), whereas cluster 1(Retarded) showed excellence in Bass Stick Test, and cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in Standing Long Jump.

키워드

과제정보

위 논문은 문화체육관광부의 스포츠산업기술개발사업에 의거 국민체육진흥공단의 국민체육진흥기금을 지원받아 연구되었습니다.

참고문헌

  1. D. Y. Kang, S. D. Jung, C. W. Park, J. H. Yang, "The Relationships Between Bone Age Physique and Health Related Physical Fitness in 7-9 Years Old Elementary School Students' to Boost Physical Activities", The Korean Journal of Growth and Development, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 31-36, (2010).
  2. S. R. Bae, W. S. Eom, "Physical Self-Concept depending on the PAPS of Elementary School Students", The Korean Journal of Elementary Physical Education, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 165-178, (2014).
  3. J. Y. Lee. Elementary and Secondary School Students' Physical Fitness is Getting Worse... Decreased in Grade 1.2 and Increased in Grades 4.5 [Internet]. Yonhap News Agency [cited 2019 May 8], Available From: https://www.yna.co.kr/view/ AKR 20190508044000004. (accessed Jan., 24, 2022).
  4. Ministry of Education, "Student Health Examination in 2019", (2019).
  5. E. S Lee, "An Effect of the Integrated Circuit Training Program Upon Basal Metabolism and Body Fat Percentage of Female Elementary School Students", The Korean Journal of Growth and Development, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 279-284, (2011).
  6. Y. S. Lee, S, I, Kim, "A Similar Longitudinal Study on Kidney Development in Elementary and Secondary School Students", Seoul: Korean Educational Development Institute, (1980).
  7. G. J. Park, T. S. Park, H. S. Park, "The Growth and Development of the Body", Seoul: Sangjosa, (1995).
  8. Y. M. Choi, "Relationship Between the Bone Age, Physique and Physical Fitness Development in Athletically Gifted Children", a master's degree thesis to be unregistered, Graduate School of Inha University, (2012).
  9. R. L. Mirwald, A. D. G. Baxter-Jones, D. A. Bailey, G. P. Beunen, "Peak height velocity as an alternative for maturational classification associated with motor performance", Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol.34, No.4, pp. 689-694, (2002). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200204000-00020
  10. D. R. L. Machado, M. R. Bonfim, L. T. Costa, "An Assessment of Maturity from Anthropometric Measurements", Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum., Vol.11, No.1, pp. 14-21, (2009).
  11. M. M. Santos, A. H. S. Ferreira, M. C. Costa, F. J. S. Guimaraes, R. M. Ritti-Dias, "Contributions of muscle mass to force production in different maturation stages", ConScientiae Saude, Vol.10, No.3, pp. 487-493, (2011). https://doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v10i3.2901
  12. J. I. Bae, "Bone Age-related Factor in Children", a master's degree thesis to be unregistered, Graduate School of Public Health Kyungpook National University, (2015).
  13. C. S. Kim, D. H. Park, "Relationship between Bone Mineral Content And Body Composition In Elementary Children", Korean Journal of Sport Science, Vol.15, No.2, pp. 32-38, (2004).
  14. R. M. Malina, C. Bouchard, & O. Bar-Or, "Growth Maturation and Physical Activity (2nd Ed.)", Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, (2004).
  15. G. P. Beunen, R. M. Malina, J. Lefevre, A. L. Claessens, R. Renson, J. Simons, "Prediction of Adult Stature and Noninvasive Assessment of Biological Maturation", Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol.29, No.2, pp. 225-230, (1997).
  16. S. Y. Kim, C. Y. Joo, "First Time Learning Machine Learning: From Basics to Modeling, Practical Examples, and Problem Solving", Seoul: Hanbit Media, (2017).
  17. C. Y. Park, Y. D. Kim, J. W. Song, H. S. Choi, "R Data Mining", Seoul: Kyowoo, (2013).
  18. H. O. Heo, Y. J. Park, "Analysis on Clustering Patterns and Characteristics of Computational Thinking Competency of Middle School Students", The Korean Society for Educational Technology, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 729-754, (2019).
  19. E. J. Kim, "Multivariate Approach to Children's Physical Strength: Based on Cluster Analysis", Korean Journal of Sports Science, Vol.29, No.5, pp. 1293-1302, (2020). https://doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2020.10.29.5.1293
  20. J. M. Tanner, M. J. Healy, H. Goldstein, N. Cameron, "Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW3 Method)", 3rd Edition London: WB Saunders, (2001).
  21. J. H. Shin, K. J. Kim, "The Association of Ser7um IGF-I, Growth Velocity, Fat Area and Muscle Area after Growth Hormone Treatment in Growth Hormone Deficient Children", Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 97-103, (1997).
  22. N. Armstrong, J. R. Welsman, B. J. Kirby, "Submaximal exercise and maturation in 12-year-olds", Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.17, No.2, pp. 107-114, (1999). https://doi.org/10.1080/026404199366208
  23. J. K. Byeon, Y. J. Oh, S. H. Park, "Characteristics of Exercise Capacity, Physique and Physical Fitness according to Skeletal Maturity of Elementary School Girls", Journal of Coaching Development, Vol.16, No.1, pp. 181-188, (2014).
  24. S. H. Yoo, "Skeletal Maturity and The Prediction of Adult Height Estimated in Children", Korean Journal of Physical Education, Vol.38, No.4, pp. 665-677, (1999).
  25. D. Y. Kang, S. D. Jung, C. W. Park, J. H. Yang, "The Relationships Between Bone Age Physique and Health Related Physical Fitness in 7-9 Years Old Elementary School Students, Adults", The Korean Journal of Growth and Development, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 31-36, (2010).
  26. C. B. Hong, J. H. Park, K. J. Kim, "Differences of Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Exercise-Mediated Changes Following to Skeletal Age Deviation in Prepubertal Children", Exercise Science, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 91-104, (2009). https://doi.org/10.15857/KSEP.2009.18.1.91
  27. D. H. Kang, H. K. Yoon, "The study of Childhood Taekwondo Practictioners on Skeletal Maturation, Physique, Body Compostion and Physical Fitness by TW3 method", The Korean Society of Sports Science, Vol.16, No.1, pp. 581-591, (2007).
  28. G. P. Beunen, M. Ostyn, J. Simons, R. Renson, G. D. Van, "Chronological Age and Biological Age as Related to Physical Fitness in Boys 12 to 19 Years", Annals of Human Biology, Vol.8, No.4, pp. 321-331, (1981). https://doi.org/10.1080/03014468100005121
  29. Korean Institute of Sport Science, "Guidelines for the Development of Children's Exercise", (2014).
  30. J. K. Song, J. H. Chai, H. J. Kang, H. C. Jung, M. W. Seo, M. H. Kim, H. B. Kim, "Tracking of Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Elementary School Boys and Girls from age 7 to age 12 years: six-year Longitudinal Study", Korean Journal of Sport Science, Vol.25, No.4, pp. 664-679, (2014). https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2014.25.4.664
  31. D. Freitas, G. Beunen, J. Maia, A. Claessens, M. Thomis, A. Marques, E. Gouveia, J. Lefevre, "Tracking of fatness during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood: a 7-year follow-up study in Madeira Island, Portugal", Annals of Human Biology, Vol.39, No.1, pp. 59-67, (2012). https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2011.638322
  32. T. W. Kim, "The Effect of Skeletal Maturity on Physical Performance in Schoolboys and Girls Aged 9 to 12 Years", The Korean Journal of Physical Education, Vol.41, No.2, pp. 573-582, (2002).
  33. D. H. Kim, H. K. Yoon, S. Y. Oh, Y. J. Lee, B. J. Kim, Y. M. Choi, D. S. Song, J. H. An, D. N. Seo, J. W. Kim, G. M. Na, K. A. Oh, "The Verification of Physique and Physical Fitness Differences Through Bone Age and Chronological Age Among Adolescents", Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology, Vol.38, No.1, pp. 318-331, (2021). https://doi.org/10.12925/JKOCS.2021.38.1.318