Acknowledgement
본 연구는 보건복지부의 재원으로 한국보건산업진흥원의 보건의료기술 연구개발사업 지원에 의하여 이루어진 것임 (과제고유번호 : HF21C0089).
References
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 Outbreak Status. 2022 Jul. 2. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr
- World Health Organization. WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2022 Jul. 2. Available from: https://covid19.who.int
- Anthony King, An uncommon cold. New Sci. 2020;246(3280):32-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(20)30862-9
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human Coronavirus Types. 2020 Jan. 10. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20200129024812/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html
- Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(4):536-44.
- Mehandru S, Merad M. Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(2):194-202. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01104-y
- Nogrady B. What the data say about asymptomatic COVID infections. Nature. 2020;587(7835):534-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03141-3
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Corona 19 related permission and approval status - emergency use approval status and corona treatment approval status. 2022 Jan. 20. Available from: https://www.mfds.go.kr/brd/m_1055/list.do
- Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV, McGroder C, Stevens JS, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med. 2021;27(4):601-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z
- Del Rio C, Collins LF, Malani P. Long-term health consequences of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324:1723-4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.19719
- Havervall S, Rosell A, Phillipson M, Mangsbo SM, Nilsson P, Hober S, et al. Symptoms and Functional Impairment Assessed 8 Months After Mild COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers. JAMA. 2021;325(19):2015-6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.5612
- Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ, Billig Rose E, Shapiro NI, Files DC, et al. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network - United States, March-June 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(30):993-8. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1
- Swartz MK. Post-COVID Conditions in Children. J Pediatr Health Care. 2021;35(5):457-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.07.001
- Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characteriza-tion of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 Nature. 2021;594:259-64. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03553-9
- Perego E, Callard F, Stras L, Melville-Johannesson B, P ope R, Alwan N. Why we need to keep using the patient made term "Long Covid". 2020 Oct. 1. Available from: https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/10/01/why-we-need-tokeep-using-the-patient-made-term-long-covid/
- Akbarialiabad H, Taghrir MH, Abdollahi A, Ghahramani N, Kumar M, Paydar S, et al, Malekmakan L, Bastani B. Long COVID, a comprehensive systematic scoping review. Infection. 2021;49(6):1163-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01666-x
- Callan C, Ladds E, Husain L, Pattinson K, Greenhalgh T. 'I can't cope with multiple inputs': a qualitative study of the lived experience of 'brain fog' after COVID-19. BMJ Open. 2022;12(2):e056366.
- World Health Organization. Emergency use ICD codes fo r COVID-19 disease outbreak. 2021 Jan. 31. Available fr om: https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/classif ication-of-diseases/emergency-use-icd-codes-for-covid-19-disease-outbreak
- World Health Organization. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. 2022 Feb. 28. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en
- Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV; WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 Condition. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(4):e102-7.
- Chen C, Haupert SR, Zimmermann L, Shi X, Fritsche LG, Mukherjee B. Global Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. J Infect Dis. 2022:jiac136.
- Lee K, Jeong S, Jeong M, Choi, Y, Song M, Jang I. Review on Herbal Medicine Treatment for Late Complications of COVID-19 Patients. J. Int. Korean Med. 2021;42(1):53-6. https://doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2021.42.1.53
- Pulmonary Internal Medicine Council of College of Korean Medicine. Clinical practice guideline for COVID-19 ver. 2.1. 2020. Mar. 5. Available from: https://nikom.or.kr > practiceGuide
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Post-COVID Conditions. 2022 Jun. 17. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects.html
- National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. CO VID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long term effects of COVID-19 - NICE, RCGP, and SIGN. 2021 Nov. 11. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188
- A.V. Raveendran. Long COVID19:Challenges in the diagnosis and proposed diagnostic criteria, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021;15:145-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.025
- Livanos AE, Jha D, Cossarini F, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Tokuyama M, Aydillo T, et al. Intestinal Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(7):2435-50. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.056
- Wolfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Zange S, Muller MA, et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature. 2020;581(7809):465-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x
- Randall RE, Griffin DE. Within host RNA virus persistence: mechanisms and consequences. Curr Opin Virol. 2017;23:35-42.
- Hoeffel G, Chen J, Lavin Y, Low D, Almeida FF, See P, et al. C-Myb(+) erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived fetal monocytes give rise to adult tissue-resident macrophages. Immunity. 2015;42(4):665-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.011
- Bost P, Giladi A, Liu Y, Bendjelal Y, Xu G, David E, et al. Host-Viral Infection Maps Reveal Signatures of Severe COVID-19 Patients. Cell. 2020;181(7):1475-1488.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.006
- Hadjadj J, Yatim N, Barnabei L, Corneau A, Boussier J, Smith N, et al. Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients. Science. 2020;369(6504):718-24. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc6027
- Ohashi PS, Oehen S, Buerki K, Pircher H, Ohashi CT, Odermatt B, et al. Ablation of "tolerance" and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen transgenic mice. Cell. 1991;65(2):305-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90164-t
- Bergamaschi L, Mescia F, Turner L, Hanson AL, Kotagiri P, Dunmore BJ, et al. Longitudinal analysis reveals that delayed bystander CD8+ T cell activation and early immune pathology distinguish severe COVID-19 from mild disease. Immunity. 2021;54(6):1257-1275.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.010
- Wang EY, Mao T, Klein J, Dai Y, Huck JD, Jaycox JR, et al. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature. 2021;595(7866):283-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03631-y
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manageme nt of Post-COVID Conditions. 2021 June 14. Available from:https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/cli nical-care/post-covid-management.html
- Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis (Lond). 2021;53(10):737-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397
- Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P. Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ. 2021;374:n1648.
- Gandhi S, Srivastava AK, Ray U, Tripathi PP. Is the Collapse of the Respiratory Center in the Brain Responsible for Respiratory Breakdown in COVID-19 Patients? ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020;11(10):1379-81. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00217
- Mao R, Qiu Y, He JS, Tan JY, Li XH, Liang J et al. Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(7):667-78. 40.Meinlschmidt G, Guemghar S, Roemmel N, Battegay E, Hunziker S, Schaefert R. Depressive symptoms, but not anxiety, predict subsequent diagnosis of Coronavirus disease 19: a national cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2022;31:e16.
- Lee Y, Min P, Lee S, Kim SW. Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(18):e174.
- Saniasiaya J, Narayanan P. Parosmia post COVID-19: an unpleasant manifestation of long COVID syndrome Postgrad Med J. 2022;98:e96.
- China's National Hygiene and Health Commission. Pneu monia Treatment Plan for COVID-19 (7th Edition) 2020. Mar. 4. Available from: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml
- China's National Hygiene and Health Commission. New Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment Programme (Trial 9th Edition) 2022. Mar. 14. Available from: http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-03/15/content_5679257.htm
- Lin A. The contribution of herbal medicine to COVID-19 pandemic. Doctorate. Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 2022. p. 12-16.
- The Association of Korean Medicine. Recommendation for Korean medicine treatment for COVID-19. 2020 Mar.14. Available from: https://nikom.or.kr/nckm/module/practiceGuide/viewPDF.do?guide_idx=125
- Hong BH. Suggestions on the Use of Korean and Western Medicine for COVID-19 Treatment. Graduate School of Dongshin University. 2020. p. 35-6.
- Kang S, Go H, Gong G, Kwon K, Kim G, Kim G et al. Korean Medicine Basic Education Practice Competency Learning Outcomes. IKMEE. 2020. p. 394-6, 94-7, 362-5, 46-50, 28-31, 406-8, 82-4.
- US Department of Health and Human Services/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Putpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network - United States, March-June 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020;69(30):993-8. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1
- Kim J. Corona mutation BA.5 has the highest transmission power among viruses that attack humans. Financial news. 2022 Jul. 13. Available from: https://www.fnnews.com/news/202207130744204535
- Chung S, Chung H, Kim J, Choi H, Park M, Park Y et al. Internal Korean Medicine for the pulmonary system. Pulmonary Internal Medicine Council of College of Korean Medicine. 2011. p. 125-37.
- Li Q, Zheng XS, Shen XR, Si HR, Wang X, Wang Q, et al. Prolonged shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients with COVID-19. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;(1):2571-7.
- Yip F, Ng MW, Cheng HP, Liu FC, Chow HP, Kwok LC, et al. interpretation on the Proposal of Syndrome Differentiation for COVID-19 in Traditional Chinese Medicine by TCM Master Zhou Zhong-ying. Lanzhou University. 2020;141-4.