Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Design, Synthesis, and Functional Evaluation of 1, 5-Disubstituted Tetrazoles as Monoamine Neurotransmitter Reuptake Inhibitors

  • Paudel, Suresh (College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Wang, Shuji (College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Eunae (College of Pharmacy, Chosun University) ;
  • Kundu, Dooti (College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Min, Xiao (College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Shin, Chan Young (Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Kyeong-Man (College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2021.07.15
  • Accepted : 2021.10.26
  • Published : 2022.03.01
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Abstract

Tetrazoles were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of triple monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) reuptake based on the functional and docking simulation of compound 6 which were performed in a previous study. The compound structure consisted of a tetrazole-linker (n)-piperidine/piperazine-spacer (m)-phenyl ring, with tetrazole attached to two phenyl rings (R1 and R2). Altering the carbon number in the linker (n) from 3 to 4 and in the spacer (m) from 0 to 1 increased the potency of serotonin reuptake inhibition. Depending on the nature of piperidine/piperazine, the substituents at R1 and R2 exerted various effects in determining their inhibitory effects on monoamine reuptake. Docking study showed that the selectivity of tetrazole for different transporters was determined based on multiple interactions with various residues on transporters, including hydrophobic residues on transmembrane domains 1, 3, 6, and 8. Co-expression of dopamine transporter, which lowers dopamine concentration in the biophase by uptaking dopamine into the cells, inhibited the dopamine-induced endoctytosis of dopamine D2 receptor. When tested for compound 40 and 56, compound 40 which has more potent inhibitory activity on dopamine reuptake more strongly disinhibited the inhibitory activity of dopamine transporter on the endocytosis of dopamine D2 receptor. Overall, we identified candidate inhibitors of triple monoamine neurotransmitter reuptake and provided a theoretical background for identifying such neurotransmitter modifiers for developing novel therapeutic agents of various neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (NRF-2017M3A9G2077568). We would like to thank the Korean Basic Science Institute Gwangju Center for performing 1H NMR and 13C NMR.

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