Journal of Digital Convergence (디지털융복합연구)

The Society of Digital Policy and Management (한국디지털정책학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Dual-income Parents' Work-Family Conflict on Depression: Mediation Effect of Social Support

맞벌이 부모의 일-가정 갈등이 우울에 미치는 영향: 사회적 지지의 매개효과

  • Jung, Gijung (Institute of Biomedical Research, Seoul National University of Hospital) ;
  • Seong, Mihyeon (Department of Nursing, Chang Shin University) ;
  • Song, Ji-Hyeun (Department of Nursing, Cheju-Halla University) ;
  • Ha, Ji Sun (Department of Nursing, Busan Institute of Science and Technology)
  • 정기정 (서울대학교병원 의생명연구원) ;
  • 성미현 (창신대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 송지현 (제주한라대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 하지선 (부산과학기술대학교 간호학과)
  • Received : 2021.10.26
  • Accepted : 2022.02.20
  • Published : 2022.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between the work-family conflict and depression of dual-income parents. The subjects were 214 dual-income parents aged 20 years and the data collected online in April 2021 were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 statistical program. This study conducted three stages of hierarchical regression analysis to confirm the mediating effect, which showed that work-family conflict had statistically significant effect on social support (β=-.188, p<.01), which was the mediating variable, and depression (β=.539, p<.001), which was the dependent variable. In the third stage, the study confirmed that social support had a partially mediating effect on the relationship between work-family conflict and depression, which was statistically significant in the Sobel test result as well (z=2.468, p=.013). In conclusion, the study confirms the need to establish strategies and arrange social support to solve the emotional problems of dual-income parents.

본 연구는 맞벌이 부모의 일-가정 갈등과 우울 간의 관계에서 사회적 지지의 매개효과를 확인함으로써 맞벌이 부모의 정서적 관리에 대한 실천적 지원 근거 마련에 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 초등학교 이하의 자녀를 둔 20세 이상의 맞벌이 부모 214명이며, 2021년 4월에 온라인으로 수집된 자료를 SPSS/WIN 24.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 일-가정 갈등, 사회적 지지 및 우울 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관성이 있었다. 매개효과를 확인하기 위해 3단계의 위계적 회귀분석을 시행한 결과 1단계와 2단계에서 일-가정 갈등은 매개 변인인 사회적 지지(β=-.188, p<.01), 종속 변인인 우울(β=.539, p<.001)에 각각 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 3단계에서는 일-가정갈등과 우울 간의 관계에서 사회적 지지가 부분 매개 효과가 있는 것이 확인되었고, 이는 Sobel 검증 결과에서도 통계적으로 유의하였다(z=2.468, p=.013). 본 연구 결과는 맞벌이 부모의 일-가정 갈등과 이와 관련된 우울에 사회적 지지의 중요성을 뒷받침하는 근거로 활용될 수 있으며 맞벌이 부모의 정서적 문제 해결을 위한 전략 수립 및 사회적 지원 마련의 당위성을 제공한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Statistics Korea. (2020). Local Area Labour Force Survey in the Second Half of 2020 (Employment of double-earner households and one-person households). https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/1/indexboard?bmode=read&aSeq=390200
  2. J. H. Lee & W. S Park. (2020). Development and verification of parent education programs for fathers and working parents of young children. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Eduaction, 25(6), 275-293. DOI : 10.20437/KOAECE25-6-12
  3. S. H. Moon, E. Oh & S. Y. You. (2021). The Changed Parenting Experiences of Mothers of Elementary School Students in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 32(2), 162-174. DOI : 10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.2.162
  4. S. I. Cho, N. Kim, M. Jang & E. Park. (2020). Research on Childcare Support Solutions for Balancing Work-Family Life in Dual-Earner Families. KICCE(online). http://repo.kicce.re.kr/handle/2019.oak/5078
  5. M. L. Heggeness. (2020). Estimating the immediate impact of the COVID-19 shock on parental attachment to the labor market and the double bind of mothers. Review of Economics of the Household, 18(4), 1053-1078. DOI : 10.1007/s11150-020-09514-x
  6. S. Kim. (2020). Factors Related to the Commute Time of Dual-earner Couples: From a Family Developmental Perspective. Family and Environment Research, 58(2), 255-266. DOI : 10.6115/fer.2020.019
  7. A. L. Presti, M. Molino, F. Emanuel, A. Landolfi & C. Ghislieri. (2020). Work-family organi -zational support as a predictor of work-family conflict, enrichment, and balance: Crossover and spillover effects in dual-income couples. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 16(1), 62. DOI : 10.5964/ejop.v16i1.1931
  8. S. Kim & S. Kim. (2013). A Phenomenological Study on the Work-Family Compatibility of Dual-Earner Families. Family and Environment Research, 51(3), 355-370. DOI : 10.6115/fer.2013.51.3.355
  9. D. L. Carlson, R. Petts & J. Pepin. (2020). Changes in parents' domestic labor during the COVID-19 pandemic. DOI : 10.31235/osf.io/jy8fn
  10. J. Seo & J. E. Lee. (2021). Paternal Child Care Time of Dual-Income and Single-Income Families with Preschool Children. Journal of Families and Better Life, 39(2), 29-45. DOI : 10.7466/JFBL.2021.39.2.29
  11. I. Lee & Y. Ko. (2021). The Relationship among Social Support, Work-Family Conflict and Work-Family Enrichment of Married Nurses. Korea Journal of Hospital Management, 26(1), 26-41.
  12. S. H. Lim & B. Lee. (2020). Life of Coparenting: Focused on Parents with Infants and toddlers. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 27(3), 353-381. DOI : 10.21509/KJYS.2020.03.27.3.353
  13. J. H. Greenhaus & N. J. Beutell. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of management review, 10(1), 76-88. DOI : 10.5465/amr.1985.4277352
  14. S. Fiaz & M. A. Qureshi. (2021). How perceived organizational politics cause work -to-family conflict? Scoping and systematic review of literature. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 1-18. DOI : 10.1186/s43093-020-00046-5
  15. Y. Ha & M. Ha. (2021). The relationship between work-family conflict, self-esteem and depression on dual-income couple: Application of Actor-Partner Interdependence Model(APIM). Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 21(6), 175-190. DOI : 10.22251/jlcci.2021.21.6.175
  16. S. K. Kim, S. Park & H. Rhee. (2017). The effect of work-family conflict on depression in married working women. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(3), 267-275. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2017.15.3.267
  17. E. S. Yang & Y. H. Kim. (2021). The Effects of Work-Family Conflict on Depression and Parenting Stress AmongDual-Earner Couples with Preschool-Aged Children:The Moderating Role of Gender. Journal of Families and Better Life, 39(3), 1-14. DOI : 10.7466/JFBL.2021.39.3.1
  18. E. Cho & S. Lee. (2021). The Effect of Work- Family Conflict Between Working-Family Fathers Raising Infant Children on Children's Problem Behavior-The Mediating Effects of Depressive Symptoms and Anger Toward Children. Journal of Korea Open Parent Education, 13(1), 127-144. DOI : 10.36431/JPE.13.1.7
  19. S. Lee, E. Kim & S. Yoo. (2017). The Mediating Effect of Mindfulness in the Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Depression of Working Mothers. The Korean Journal of Women Psychology, 22(4), 767-782. DOI : 10.18205/kpa.2017.22.4.014
  20. M. Seto, K. Morimoto & S. Maruyama. (2004). Effects of work-related factors and work-family conflict on depression among Japanese working women living with young children. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 9(5), 220-227. DOI : 10.1007/BF02898103
  21. Levine et al. (2020). The Association Between Social Support and Psychological Distress in Latina Mothers Living in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Cureus, 12(10). 1-8 DOI : 10.7759/cureus.10848
  22. K. A. Kim & H. W. Hwang. (2010). A Study on the Factors that Influence the Psychological Well-Being of Dual-Earner Couples. Social Science Research Review Kyungsung University, 26(1), 143-168.
  23. M. L. Kerr, H. F Rasmussen, K. A. Fanning, & S. M. Braaten. (2021). Parenting During COVID-19: A Study of Parents' Experiences Across Gender and Income Levels. Family Relations, 70(5), 1327-1342. DOI : 10.1111/fare.12571
  24. Kang, H. R., & Choi, S. Y. (2001). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict of married working women. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 6(1), 23-42.
  25. A. N. Kim. (2017). Mediating effects of social support on relation among parenting stress, work-mother role conflict and parental satisfaction perceived by employed mother with having infant child. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 22(5), 209-231. DOI : 10.20437/KOAECE22-5-09
  26. D. Gjerdingen, P. McGovern, L. Attanasio, P. J. Johnson & K. B. Kozhimannil. (2014). Maternal depressive symptoms, employment, and social support. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 27(1), 87-96. DOI : 10.3122/jabfm.2014.01.130126
  27. J. H. Oh. (2020). The Effects of Working Mom's Work-Family Conflict on Depression with Childhood Children : Social support as a moderating effect. Master' Thesis. Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
  28. Y. K. Choi, W. Park & H. M. An. (2020). A study on how to check the response system in the field of COVID-19 childcare and support child-care gap. KICCE(Online). http://repo.kicce.re.kr/handle/2019.oak/5053
  29. D. S. Lee. (2020). Gender Inequality in Child Care in Times of Covid-19: Implications from a Gender-Equality Perspective. Health and Welfare Forum, 12, 64-78. http://repository.kihasa.re.kr/handle/201002/36762
  30. B. Lee & K. Lee. (2021). Parents' Perceptions and Experiences with Their Child's Distance Learning During COVID-19 School Closures. Journal of Families and Better Life, 39(2), 63-78. DOI : 10.7466/JFBL.2021.39.2.63
  31. M. A. Clark, R. J. Early, B. B. Baltes & D. Krenn. (2019). Work-family behavioral role conflict: Scale development and validation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(1), 39-53. DOI : 10.1007/s10869-017-9529-2
  32. M. Seong, J. H. Song, J. S. Ha, G. J. Jung & S Sok. (2020). Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Work-Family Behavioral Role Conflict Scale (WFBRC-S). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9273. DOI : 10.3390/ijerph17249273
  33. G. D. Zimet, N. W. Dahlem, S. G. Zimet & G. K. Farley. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Presonality Assessment. 52(1), 30-41. DOI : 10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
  34. J. S. Shin & Y. B. Lee. (1999). The Effecsts of Social Supports on Psychosocial Well-being of the Unemployed. Korean Journal of Social Welfare, 37, 241-269.
  35. L. S. Radloff. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self -report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied psychological measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI : 10.1177/014662167700100306
  36. K. K. Chon, (1992). Preliminary development of Korean version of CES-D. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11, 65-76.
  37. Kline, T. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishing. DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483385693
  38. S. Yang & C. S. Shin. (2011). Work-Family Conflicts: Challenges of Working Mothers with Young Children. Health and Social Welfare Review, 31(3), 70-103. DOI : 10.15709/hswr.2011.31.3.70
  39. M. Sim. (2020). Psychological Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. The Korean Journnal of Medicine, 95(6), 360-363. DOI : 10.3904/kjm.2020.95.6.360
  40. Y. J. Choi, M. R.. Choi,, & S. B. Choi. (2018). The Effect of Dual Earner Couple's Role Assignment on Work-Family Conflict, Family Life Satisfaction, and Depression. Institute of Social Research, Korea University, 19(1), 47-93. DOI : 10.22862/kjsr.2018.19.1.002
  41. J. Lee & J. Kum. (2021). Does the 52-Hour Workweek Regulation Reduce the Inequality in Working Hours between Husband and Wife?. Journal of Goverment Studies. 27(1), 219-247. DOI : 10.19067/jgs.2021.27.1.219
  42. W. J. Jeong & K. S. Kim. (2014). Working Time, Work -Family Conflict and Turnover Intention. Korea Ordo Economics Association, 17(2), 69-87.
  43. Tammelin, M., Malinen, K., Ronka, A., & Verhoef, M. (2017). Work schedules and work-family conflict among dual earners in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Journal of family Issues, 38(1), 3-24. DOI : 10.1177/0192513X15585810
  44. S. Y. Kwon & J. Lee. (2019). Dual-Earner Couples' Work Arrangements and Work-Life Balance in Korea: A Person-Centered Approach. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 37(4), 1-25. DOI : 10.7466/JKHMA.2019.37.4
  45. J. Lee., G. Byun & S. Lee. (2021). A Study on Smart Work in the Post Covid-19 Era: A Review of Research from 2004 to 2021. Korean Journal of Human Resource Development. 24(3), 147-193. DOI : 10.24991/KJHRD.2021.09. 24.3.147
  46. S. I. Cho. (2021). Work-family balance status and needs of dual-income households in the COVID-19 situation. Seoul: Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. KICCE(Online). https://repo.kicce.re.kr/handle/2019.oak/5153
  47. T. G. Reio Jr. (2020). Uncertainty and fear of the unknown: What can human resource development do?. Human resource development quarterly, 31(2), 147. DOI : 10.1002/hrdq.21394
  48. H. Y. Yi & M. R. Chung. (2018). The Effect of Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Parenting Efficacy on Preschoolers' Affective Empathy: Multi-Group Analysis by Mother's Employment Status. Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 23(1), 91-109. DOI : 10.18205/kpa.2018.23.1.005
  49. Y. J. Hong & K. LEE. (2020). Identifying the Typology of Changes in Work-Family Conflict among Working Mothers with an Early School-Age Child and Examining Antecedents and Consequences. Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. 14(1), 97-120. DOI : 10.5718/kcep.2020.14.1.97
  50. Guille et al. (2017). Work-family conflict and the sex difference in depression among training physicians. JAMA internal medicine, 177(12), 1766-1772. DOI : 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5138
  51. G. Parker & H. Brotchie. (2010). Gender differences in depression. International review of psychiatry, 22(5), 429-436. DOI : 10.3109/09540261.2010.492391
  52. Feinberg et al. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parent, Child, and Family Functioning. Family Process, 1-14. DOI : 10.1111/famp.12649
  53. G. Van Daalen, T. M. Willemsen & K. Sanders. (2006). Reducing work-family conflict through different sources of social support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 462-476. DOI : 10.1016/j.jvb.2006.07.005
  54. H. W. Hwang & J. Y. Shin. (2009). A Study on the Role Conflict and the Quality of Life of Dual-Earner Parents. Korean Journal of Family welfare. 14(1), 45-71.
  55. S. J. Kim. (2016). Married Working Women's Work-Family Conflict and Facilitation on Depression. Soc. Welf. Res, 47(3), 161-185. DOI : 10.16999/kasws.2016.47.3.161
  56. A. K. Haggag, W. Geser, H. Ostermann & C. Schusterschitz. (2012). Relation of work family conflict and role quality on depressive symptoms in mothers. Journal of Public Health, 20(6), 661-671. DOI : 10.1007/s10389-012-0497-8.
  57. Y. K. Kim & H. R. Koo. (2016). Work-family Conflict and Work-family Enhancement among Married Men in Korea. Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review. 20(2), 99-117.
  58. K. M. O'Brien, H. V. Ganginis Del Pino, S. K. Yoo, R. G. Cinamon & Y. J. Han. (2014). Work, family, support, and depression: Employed mothers in Israel, Korea, and the United States. Journal of counseling psychology, 61(3), 461. DOI : 10.1037/a0036339
  59. M. S. Jeon & N. M. Yang. (2013). The relation of work-family conflict of full-time working mothers to depression : Mediating effect of spouse's support and parenting efficacy. The Korean Psychological Association, 1, 282.
  60. S. Cho & S. Son. (2021). A Typology of Work-Family Spillover of Employed Women with Children and a Comparison of the Characteristics and Psychological Well-being: A Latent Profile Analysis. Journal of Families and Better Life, 39(2), 15-28. DOI : 10.7466/JFBL.2021.39.2.15
  61. Y. M. Kim (2020). Current Status and Application of Family-Friendly Gender Policy -Focusing on policy implications applied to public institutions-. Journal of Digital Convergence, 18(2), 13-21. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2020.18.2.013