DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Eringen's nonlocal theory for non-linear bending analysis of BGF Timoshenko nanobeams

  • Received : 2021.08.08
  • Accepted : 2021.09.23
  • Published : 2022.01.25

Abstract

In this paper, the non-linear static analysis of Timoshenko nanobeams consisting of bi-directional functionally graded material (BFGM) with immovable ends is investigated. The scratching in the FG nanobeam mid-plane, is the source of nonlinearity of the bending problems. The nonlocal theory is used to investigate the non-linear static deflection of nanobeam. In order to simplify the formulation, the problem formulas is derived according to the physical middle surface. The Hamilton principle is employed to determine governing partial differential equations as well as boundary conditions. Moreover, the differential quadrature method (DQM) and direct iterative method are applied to solve governing equations. Present results for non-linear static deflection were compared with previously published results in order to validate the present formulation. The impacts of the nonlocal factors, beam length and material property gradient on the non-linear static deflection of BFG nanobeams are investigated. It is observed that these parameters are vital in the value of the non-linear static deflection of the BFG nanobeam.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahouel, M., Houari, M.S.A., Bedia, E.A.A. and Tounsi, A. (2016), "Size-dependent mechanical behavior of functionally graded trigonometric shear deformable nanobeams including neutral surface position concept", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(5), 963-981. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.5.963.
  2. Akbas, S.D. (2018), "Forced vibration analysis of cracked functionally graded microbeams", Adv. Nano Res., 6(1), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2018.6.1.039.
  3. Amar, L.H.H., Kaci, A. and Tounsi, A. (2017), "On the size-dependent behavior of functionally graded micro-beams with porosities", Struct. Eng. Mech., 64(5), 527-541. https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2017.64.5.527.
  4. Ansari, R., Gholami, R. and Sahmani, S. (2011), "Free vibration analysis of size-dependent functionally graded microbeams based on the strain gradient Timoshenko beam theory", Compos. Struct., 94(1), 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.06.024.
  5. Ansari, R., Pourashraf, T. and Gholami, R. (2015), "An exact solution for the nonlinear forced vibration of functionally graded nanobeams in thermal environment based on surface elasticity theory", Thin Wall. Struct., 93, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.03.013.
  6. Asghari, M., Rahaeifard, M., Kahrobaiyan, M.H. and Ahmadian, M.T. (2011), "The modified couple stress functionally graded Timoshenko beam formulation", Mater. Des., 32(3), 1435-1443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.08.046.
  7. Aydogdu, M., Arda, M. and Filiz, S. (2018), "Vibration of axially functionally graded nano rods and beams with a variable nonlocal parameter", Adv. Nano Res., 6(3), 257-278. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2018.6.3.257.
  8. Aydogdu, M. and Taskin, V. (2007), "Free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams with simply supported edges", Mater. Des., 28(5), 1651-1656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2006.02.007.
  9. Berghouti, H., Bedia, E.A.A., Benkhedda, A. and Tounsi, A. (2019), "Vibration analysis of nonlocal porous nanobeams made of functionally graded material", Adv. Nano Res., 7(5), 351-364. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2019.7.5.351.
  10. Chaht, F.L., Kaci, A., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Beg, O.A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2015), "Bending and buckling analyses of functionally graded material (FGM) size-dependent nanoscale beams including the thickness stretching effect", Steel Compos. Struct., 18(2), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.2.425.
  11. Ebrahimi, F. and Barati, M.R. (2018), "Stability analysis of functionally graded heterogeneous piezoelectric nanobeams based on nonlocal elasticity theory", Adv. Nano Res., 6(2), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2018.6.2.093.
  12. Ebrahimi, F. and Fardshad, R.E. (2018), "Modeling the size effect on vibration characteristics of functionally graded piezoelectric nanobeams based on Reddy's shear deformation beam theory", Adv. Nano Res., Techno-Press, 6(2), 113-133. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2018.6.2.113.
  13. Ebrahimi, F., Fardshad, R.E. and Mahesh, V. (2019), "Frequency response analysis of curved embedded magneto-electro-viscoelastic functionally graded nanobeams", Adv. Nano Res., 7(6), 391-403. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2019.7.6.391.
  14. Ebrahimi, F. and Haghi, P. (2018), "Elastic wave dispersion modelling within rotating functionally graded nanobeams in thermal environment", Adv. Nano Res., 6(3), 201-217. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2018.6.3.201.
  15. Ebrahimi, F. and Zia, M. (2015), "Large amplitude nonlinear vibration analysis of functionally graded Timoshenko beams with porosities", Acta Astronaut., 116, 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.06.014.
  16. Eltaher, M.A., Emam, S.A. and Mahmoud, F.F. (2013), "Static and stability analysis of nonlocal functionally graded nanobeams", Compos. Struct., Elsevier, 96, 82-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.030.
  17. Eringen, A.C. (1983), "On differential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves", J. Appl. Phys., 54(9), 4703-4710. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.332803.
  18. Gao, Y., Xiao, W. shen and Zhu, H. (2019), "Nonlinear thermal buckling of bi-directional functionally graded nanobeams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 71(6), 669-682. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.71.6.669.
  19. Ghanbari-Ghazijahani, T., Nabati, A., Gorji Azandariani, M. and Fanaie, N. (2020), "Crushing of steel tubes with different infills under partial axial loading", Thin Wall. Struct., 149, 106614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106614.
  20. Gholami, M., Zare, E., Gorji Azandariani, M. and Moradifard, R. (2021), "Seismic behavior of dual buckling-restrained steel braced frame with eccentric configuration and post-tensioned frame system", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 151, 106977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106977.
  21. Gholhaki, M., Eshrafi, B., Gorji Azandariani, M. and Rezaeifar, O. (2021), "Seismic assessment of linked-column frame structural system considering soil-structure effects", Structures, 33, 2264-2272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.005.
  22. Gorji Azandariani, M., Abdolmaleki, H. and Gorji Azandariani, A. (2020a), "Numerical and analytical investigation of cyclic behavior of steel ring dampers (SRDs)", Thin Wall. Struct., 151, 106751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106751.
  23. Gorji Azandariani, M., Gholhaki, M. and Kafi, M.A. (2020b), "Experimental and numerical investigation of low-yieldstrength (LYS) steel plate shear walls under cyclic loading", Eng. Struct., 203, 109866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109866.
  24. Gorji Azandariani, M., Ghanbari-Ghazijahani, T., Mohebkhah, A. and Classen, M. (2021a), "Concrete- and timber-filled tubes under axial compression - Numerical and theoretical study", J. Build. Eng., 44, 103231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103231.
  25. Gorji Azandariani, M., Gholami, M., Vaziri, E. and Nikzad, A. (2021b), "Nonlinear static analysis of a bi-directional functionally graded microbeam based on a nonlinear elastic foundation using modified couple stress theory", Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 46(12), 12641-12651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06053-0.
  26. Gorji Azandariani, M., Gholhaki, M. and Kafi, M.A. (2021c), "Hysteresis finite element model for evaluation of cyclic behavior and performance of steel plate shear walls (SPSWs)", Structures, 29, 30-47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.11.009.
  27. Gorji Azandariani, M., Gholhaki, M., Kafi, M. A. and Zirakian, T. (2021d), "Study of effects of beam-column connection and column rigidity on the performance of SPSW system", J. Build. Eng., 33, 101821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101821.
  28. Gorji Azandariani, M., Gholhaki, M., Kafi, M.A., Zirakian, T., Khan, A., Abdolmaleki, H. and Shojaeifar, H. (2021e), "Investigation of performance of steel plate shear walls with partial plate-column connection (SPSW-PC)", Steel Compos. Struct., 39(1), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.39.1.109.
  29. Gorji Azandariani, M., Kafi, M.A. and Gholhaki, M. (2021f), "Innovative hybrid linked-column steel plate shear wall (HLCS) system: Numerical and analytical approaches", J. Build. Eng., 43, 102844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102844.
  30. Gorji Azandariani, M., Rousta, A.M., Mohammadi, M., Rashidi, M. and Abdolmaleki, H. (2021g), "Numerical and analytical study of ultimate capacity of steel plate shear walls with partial plate-column connection (SPSW-PC)", Structures, 33, 3066-3080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.046.
  31. Gorji Azandariani, M., Rousta, A.M., Usefvand, E., Abdolmaleki, H. and Gorji Azandariani, A. (2021h), "Improved seismic behavior and performance of energy-absorbing systems constructed with steel rings", Structures, 29, 534-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.11.041.
  32. Jia, X.L., Ke, L.L., Feng, C.B., Yang, J. and Kitipornchai, S. (2015), "Size effect on the free vibration of geometrically nonlinear functionally graded micro-beams under electrical actuation and temperature change", Compos. Struct., 133, 1137-1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.044.
  33. Ke, L.L., Wang, Y.S., Yang, J. and Kitipornchai, S. (2012), "Nonlinear free vibration of size-dependent functionally graded microbeams", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 50(1), 256-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.12.008.
  34. Li, L. and Hu, Y. (2016), "Nonlinear bending and free vibration analyses of nonlocal strain gradient beams made of functionally graded material", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 107, 77-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2016.07.011.
  35. Li, S.R. and Batra, R.C. (2013), "Relations between buckling loads of functionally graded Timoshenko and homogeneous Euler-Bernoulli beams", Compos. Struct., 95, 5-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.07.027.
  36. Lim, C.W., Zhang, G. and Reddy, J.N. (2015), "A higher-order nonlocal elasticity and strain gradient theory and its applications in wave propagation", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 78, 298-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2015.02.001.
  37. Luat, D.T., Thom, D. Van, Thanh, T.T., Minh, P., Van Ke, T. Van Vinh, P. (2021), "Mechanical analysis of bi-functionally graded sandwich nanobeams", Adv. Nano Res., 11(1), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.12989/ANR.2021.11.1.055.
  38. Mohammadi, M., Kafi, M.A., Kheyroddin, A. and Ronagh, H.R. (2019), "Experimental and numerical investigation of an innovative buckling-restrained fuse under cyclic loading", Structures, 22, 186-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.07.014.
  39. Mohammadi, M., Kafi, M.A., Kheyroddin, A. and Ronagh, H.R. (2020), "Performance of innovative composite buckling-restrained fuse for concentrically braced frames under cyclic loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(2), 163-177. https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2020.36.2.163.
  40. Nazmul, I.M. and Devnath, I. (2020), "Exact analytical solutions for bending of bi-directional functionally graded nanobeams by the nonlocal beam theory using the Laplace transform", Forces Mech., 1, 100002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmec.2020.100002.
  41. Nejad, M.Z. (2016), "Hadi A. Eringen's non-local elasticity theory for bending analysis of bi-directional functionally graded Euler-Bernoulli nano-beams", Int J Eng Sci, 106, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2016.05.005
  42. Nejad, M.Z., Hadi, A. and Farajpour, A. (2017), "Consistent couple-stress theory for free vibration analysis of Euler-Bernoulli nano-beams made of arbitrary bi-directional functionally graded materials", Struct. Eng. Mech., 63(2), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.63.2.161.
  43. Nejad, M.Z., Hadi, A., Omidvari, A. and Rastgoo, A. (2018), "Bending analysis of bi-directional functionally graded EulerBernoulli nano-beams using integral form of Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory", Struct. Eng. Mech., 67(4), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.67.4.417.
  44. Niknam, H., Fallah, A. and Aghdam, M. M. (2014), "Nonlinear bending of functionally graded tapered beams subjected to thermal and mechanical loading", Int. J. Non. Linear. Mech., 65, 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2014.05.011.
  45. Rahmani, O. and Pedram, O. (2014), "Analysis and modeling the size effect on vibration of functionally graded nanobeams based on nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 77, 55-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2013.12.003.
  46. Rahmani, O., Refaeinejad, V. and Hosseini, S.A.H. (2017), "Assessment of various nonlocal higher order theories for the bending and buckling behavior of functionally graded nanobeams", Steel Compos. Struct., 23(3), 339-350. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.23.3.339.
  47. Rousta, A.M., Shojaeifar, H., Azandariani, M.G., Saberiun, S. and Abdolmaleki, H. (2021), "Cyclic behavior of an energy dissipation semi-rigid moment steel frames (SMRF) system with LYP steel curved dampers", Struct. Eng. Mech., 80(2), 129. https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2021.80.2.129.
  48. Sanjay Anandrao, K., Gupta, R.K., Ramchandran, P. and Venkateswara Rao, G. (2012), "Non-linear free vibrations and post-buckling analysis of shear flexible functionally graded beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 44(3), 339-361. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.44.3.339.
  49. Setoodeh, A.R. and Rezaei, M. (2017), "Large amplitude free vibration analysis of functionally graded nano/micro beams on nonlinear elastic foundation", Struct. Eng. Mech., 61(2), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.2.209.
  50. Simsek, M. (2014), "Large amplitude free vibration of nanobeams with various boundary conditions based on the nonlocal elasticity theory", Compos. Part B Eng., 56, 621-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.082.
  51. Simsek, M. (2016), "Nonlinear free vibration of a functionally graded nanobeam using nonlocal strain gradient theory and a novel Hamiltonian approach", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 105, 12-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2016.04.013.
  52. Simsek, M. and Yurtcu, H.H. (2013), "Analytical solutions for bending and buckling of functionally graded nanobeams based on the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory", Compos. Struct., 97, 378-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.10.038.
  53. Su, H. and Banerjee, J.R. (2015), "Development of dynamic stiffness method for free vibration of functionally graded Timoshenko beams", Comput. Struct., 147, 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.10.001.
  54. Tagrara, S.H., Benachour, A., Bouiadjra, M.B. and Tounsi, A. (2015), "On bending, buckling and vibration responses of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 19(5), 1259-1277. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.5.1259.
  55. Talebizadehsardari, P., Eyvazian, A., Gorji Azandariani, M., Nhan Tran, T., Kumar Rajak, D. and Babaei Mahani, R. (2020), "Buckling analysis of smart beams based on higher order shear deformation theory and numerical method", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(5), 635-640. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.5.635.
  56. Thai, H.T. and Vo, T.P. (2012), "Bending and free vibration of functionally graded beams using various higher-order shear deformation beam theories", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 62(1), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2012.05.014.
  57. Usefvand, M., Rousta, A.M., Azandariani, M.G. and Abdolmaleki, H. (2021), "Steel dual-ring dampers: Micro-finite element modelling and validation of cyclic behavior", Smart Struct. Syst., 28(4), 579. https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.28.4.579.
  58. Vaziri, E., Gholami, M. and Gorji Azandariani, M. (2021), "The wall-frame interaction effect in corrugated steel plate shear walls systems", Int. J. Steel Struct., 21(5), 1680-1697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00529-3.
  59. Yang, F., Chong, A.C.M., Lam, D.C.C. and Tong, P. (2002), "Couple stress based strain gradient theory for elasticity", Int. J. Solids Struct., 39(10), 2731-2743. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00152-X.
  60. Zenkour, A.M. and Abouelregal, A.E. (2015), "Thermoelastic interaction in functionally graded nanobeams subjected to time-dependent heat flux", Steel Compos. Struct., 18(4), 909-924. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.18.4.909.
  61. Zidi, M., Houari, M.S.A., Tounsi, A., Bessaim, A. and Mahmoud, S.R. (2017), "A novel simple two-unknown hyperbolic shear deformation theory for functionally graded beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 64(2), 145-153. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.64.2.145.