International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology

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The Europeanization of Bulgarian Nationalism: The Impact of Bulgaria's European Union Accession on Bulgarian-Macedonian Relations

  • Benedict E., DeDominicis (Department of International Studies, Catholic University of Korea)
  • Received : 2022.10.06
  • Accepted : 2022.11.30
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

Modern Bulgarian nationalists aspired towards incorporating the self-identified Bulgarian lands into the Bulgarian state. The Treaty of San Stefano ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 tantalizingly achieved these so-called national ideals. Great Power diplomacy quickly diminished Bulgaria's borders and international legal status with the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, exacerbating nationalist grievances. Bulgaria would expand vast resources to restore the San Stefano borders until Balkan Communist authoritarian regimes eventually suppressed the Macedonian issue as a foreign policy subject. Sofia's policy towards its neighbor has been overdetermined by the efforts of successive Bulgarian governments to institutionalize post-communist Bulgaria's own national identity. Bulgaria's integration into so-called Euro-Atlantic structures, i.e., NATO and the EU, had been the primary strategic objective of the Bulgarian authorities since the end of the Zhivkov regime. North Atlantic community security policy aims in response to the earliest post-Cold War foreign policy crises in the Western Balkans framed the parameters of Bulgarian diplomacy. The stabilization of FYROM in 2001, followed by Bulgaria's 2007 EU accession, led to Bulgarian nationalist values become more salient in Bulgarian politics and foreign policy. Sofia-Skopje relations are a test case for the effects of Europeanization on interdependent Balkan ethno-sectarian nationalisms and state territorial institutional development.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This article was produced with the support of the Research Fund of the Catholic University of Korea. In 1994-2009, the author was a faculty member in the political science and European studies department at the American University in Bulgaria. The author would like to thank the Virtual Online Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois's Russian, East European and Eurasian Center for access to invaluable resources. The author would also like to thank the journal editors and anonymous reviewers. Any mistakes and omissions are solely the responsibility of the author.

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