동남아 수출을 위한 느타리류 완성형배지의 최적 조건 및 운송 온도

Selection of optimum conditions and distribution temperature of complete substrates of Pleurotus species for export to Southeast Asia

동남아 지역에서 한국산 버섯에 대한 선호도가 높기 때문에 신선버섯 형태가 아닌 현지에서 바로 생육하여 유통 할 수 있는 완성형배지 형태의 수출을 확대하고자 안전한 유통조건을 선발하였다. 일반느타리(Pleurotus ostreatus) '솔타리' 품종과 여름 느타리(P. sajor-caju) '삼복' 품종으로 1 kg 완성형배지를 제조하여 배양정도와 저장온도에 따라 10일 간 저장 후 버섯을 생육하였다. 70% 배양된 배지를 5~10℃에서 저장한 경우, 생육일수가 빨랐고 버섯 발생이 균일하고 안정적이었다. 0℃와 15℃로 설정된 컨테이너를 이용하여 베트남으로 실제 수출하여 달랏 지역에서 재배한 결과, 높은 온도에서 운송된 경우 생육일수가 1~2일 단축되었고, '솔타리'의 경우 수확량이 약 10% 증수되었다. 또한, '삼복'의 경우 수확량은 비슷하였으나 자실체 품질이 매우 우수하여 상품성이 좋았다.

Pleurotus species are the most consumed and cultivated mushrooms in Korea. Although oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus) can be cultivated automatically, their storability is slightly lower than that of king oyster mushrooms (P. eryngii) and winter mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes); therefore, the export proportion of oyster mushrooms is very low. Since Korean mushrooms are highly preferred across Southeast Asian, the export of oyster mushrooms in the form of complete substrates is expected to be more promising than that of fresh mushroom. Here, 1 and 2.5 kg complete substrates of P. ostreatus 'Soltari' and P. sajor-caju 'Sambok' were prepared and stored at different temperature from 0 to 15℃ for 10 days. Thereafter, the formation of fruiting bodies was induced. Since the 2.5 kg complete substrates required 70 days of incubation, their mycelia were at an advanced age and their fruiting bodies did not grown normally. When 70%-incubated complete substrates were stored at 5-10℃, the growth was faster and more uniform and stable fruiting bodies were formed. Export test of complete substrates to Vietnam using distribution containers set at 0℃ and 15℃ revealed that the growth period was shortened by 1-2 days when the distribution containers were set at 15℃ and the yield of 'Soltari' increased by approximately 10%. In addition, even though the yield of 'Sambok' was similar between treatments at 0℃ and 15℃, the quality of fruiting bodies from 15℃-distributed complete substrates was much better than that of those from 0℃-distributed substrates.