Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical research on two-dimensional bridge formation at the cohesionless sand-geotextile interface with the DEM method

  • Liu, Sheng (College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University) ;
  • Wang, Yuan (College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University) ;
  • Feng, Di (College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University)
  • Received : 2020.07.31
  • Accepted : 2021.10.13
  • Published : 2021.11.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Soil particles may be blocked at the pores of geotextiles even if the diameter of the soil particle is smaller than the size of the pores, and then a soil bridge is formed. To design a reasonable filter, it is vital to understand the formation of bridges at the soil-geotextile interface. The two-dimensional Distinct-Element Method was used to explore bridge formation at the cohesionless sand-geotextile interface. To realistically reflect the geological environment of cohesionless sand, the hydraulic gradient, confining pressure, multiple openings and inherent characteristics of cohesionless sand were covered in the simulations. It is found that both the number of openings of the filter and the uniformity coefficient of cohesionless sand had a substantial influence on the formation of a soil bridge. The bridge coefficient substantially decreased when there was more than one opening, because the narrower walls decreased the support of the bridge foot. When the confining pressure was greater than zero, the bridge coefficient was larger than that when there was no confining pressure. With the continual increase in the confining pressure, the confining pressure began to have an unfavourable effect on the formation of a soil bridge. The hydraulic gradient slightly decreased the bridge coefficient when the uniformity coefficient was 1.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This paper was supported by "the National Natural Science Foundation of China" (Grant No. 51609069) and "the National Key Research and Development Program of China" (Grant No. 2017YFC1502603).

References

  1. Cundall, P.A. (1971), "A computer model for simulating progressive, large-scale movements in blocky rock systems", The Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, Nancy, October.
  2. Cundall, P.A. (1988), "Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-Part I. a scheme to detect and represent contacts in a system composed of many polyhedral blocks", J. Rock Mech. Mining Sci. Geomech. Abstracts, 25(3), 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(88)92293-0.
  3. Cundall, P.A. and Strack, O.D.L. (1979), "A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies", Geotechnique, 29(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47.
  4. Giroud, J.P. (2010), "Development of criteria for geotextile and granular filters", Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Geosynthetics, Guaruja, May.
  5. Guerrero, B.V., Chakraborty, B., Zuriguel, I. and Garcimartin, A. (2019), "Nonergodicity in silo unclogging: Broken and unbroken arches", Phys. Review E, 100(3), 032901. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.032901.
  6. Hart, R., Cundall, P.A. and Lemos, J. (1988), "Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-Part II. mechanical calculations for motion and interaction of a system composed of many polyhedral blocks", J. Rock Mech. Mining Sci. Geomech. Abstracts, 25(3), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(88)92294-2.
  7. Huang, Q., Zhan, M., Sheng, J., Luo, Y. and Su, B. (2014), "Investigation of fluid flow-induced particle migration in granular filters using a DEM-CFD method", J. Hydrodynam., 26(3), 406-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(14)60046-9.
  8. Jung, J., Cao, S.C., Shin, Y.H., Al-Raoush, R.I., Alshibli, K. and Choi, J.W. (2018), "A microfluidic pore model to study the migration of fine particles in single-phase and multi-phase flows in porous media", Microsyst. Technol.-Micro-and-Nanosyst.-Info. Storage Process. Syst., 24(2), 1071-1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-017-3462-1.
  9. Khan, M.W., Dawson, A.R. and Marshall, A.M. (2018), "A dynamic gradient ratio test apparatus", Geotext. Geomembr., 46(6), 782-789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.07.003.
  10. Li, L. and Aubertin, M. (2009a), "Horizontal pressure on barricades for backfilled stopes. Part I: Fully drained conditions", Canadian Geotech. J., 46(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1139/t08-104.
  11. Li, L. and Aubertin, M. (2009b), "A three-dimensional analysis of the total and effective stresses in submerged backfilled stopes", Geotech. Geological Eng., 27(4), 559-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-009-9257-0.
  12. Li, X., Qi, Y., Tang, X. and Gao, Q. (2017), "Simulation of base soil-filter system with two typical gradations based on PFC", J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Institute, 34(4), 92-97. (In Chinese).
  13. Liu, J. and Xie, D. (2017), "Design principles and guidelines of filters", Chinese J. Geotech. Eng., 39(4), 609-616. (In Chinese)
  14. Liu, Q., Zhao, B. and Santamarina, J.C. (2019), "Particle migration and clogging in porous media: a convergent flow microfluidics study", J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 124(9), 9495-9504. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jb017813.
  15. Liu, S., Wang, Y., and Feng, D. (2021), "Compatibility of tailings-nonwoven geotextile under stress and the effect of sand filter", Geosynth. Int., 28(2), 206-213. https://doi.10.1680/jgein.20.00046.
  16. Lozano, C., Zuriguel, I. and Garcimartin, A. (2015), "Stability of clogging arches in a silo submitted to vertical vibrations", Phys. Review E, 91(6), 062203. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.062203.
  17. Mondal, S. and Sharma, M.M. (2014), "Role of flying buttresses in the jamming of granular matter through multiple rectangular outlets", Granular Matter, 16(1), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-013-0461-5.
  18. Parretta, A. and Grillo, P. (2019), "Flow dynamics of spherical grains through conical cardboard hoppers", Granular Matter, 21(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-019-0884-8.
  19. Raja, M.N.A. and Shukla, S.K. (2020), "Ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing resting on soil bed strengthened by wraparound geosynthetic reinforcement technique", Geotext. Geomembr., 48(6), 867-874. https://doi.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.06.005.
  20. Raja, M.N.A. and Shukla, S.K. (2021a) "Experimental study on repeatedly loaded foundation soil strengthened by wraparound geosynthetic reinforcement technique", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 13(4), 899-911. https://doi.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.02.001.
  21. Raja, M.N.A. and Shukla, S.K. (2021b), "Predicting the settlement of geosynthetic-reinforced soil foundations using evolutionary artificial intelligence technique", Geotext. Geomembr., 49(5), 1280-1293. https://doi.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2021.04.007.
  22. Valdes, J.R. and Santamarina, J.C. (2006), "Particle clogging in radial flow: microscale mechanisms", SPE J., 11(2), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.2118/88819-pa.
  23. Valdes, J.R. and Santamarina, J.C. (2008), "Clogging: bridge formation and vibration-based destabilization", Canadian Geotech. J., 45(2), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1139/t07-088.
  24. Wang, Y. and Ni, X. (2013), "Hydro-mechanical analysis of piping erosion based on similarity criterion at micro-level by PFC3D", European J. Environ. Civil Eng., 17, S187-S204. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2013.834594.
  25. Wang, Z.J., Ruiken, A., Jacobs, F. and Ziegler, M. (2014), "A new suggestion for determining 2D porosities in DEM studies", Geomech. Eng., 7(6), 665-678. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.7.6.665.
  26. Watson, P.D.J. and John, N.W.M. (1999), "Geotextile filter design and simulated bridge formation at the soil-geotextile interface", Geotext. Geomembr., 17(5), 265-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(99)00013-8.
  27. Xu, C., Liang, L., Chen, Q., Luo, W. and Chen, Y.F. (2019a), "Experimental study of soil arching effect under seepage condition", Acta Geotechnica, 14(6), 2031-2044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-019-00769-y.
  28. Xu, C., Zhang, X., Han, J. and Yang, Y. (2019b), "Two-dimensional soil-arching behavior under static and cyclic loading", Int. J. Geomech., 19(8), 04019091. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001482.
  29. Yan, C., Yunchu, Y. and Jiangrui, Q. (2020), "Mathematical modeling on effective thermal conductivity of woven fabrics based on structural parameters", Adv. Textile Technol., 1-10. (In Chinese)
  30. Zhang, H., Guo, H., Shi, T., Ye, M., Huang, H. and Li, Z. (2017), "Cyclic loading tests on ceramic breeder pebble bed by discrete element modeling", Fusion Eng. Design, 118, 40-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.02.044.
  31. Zou, Y.-H., Chen, Q., Chen, X.-Q. and Cui, P. (2013), "Discrete numerical modeling of particle transport in granular filters", Comput. Geotech., 47, 48-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.06.002.