Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea

National Institute of Ecology (국립생태원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Germination Characteristics and Seed Dormancy of Iris dichotoma Pall., an Endangered Species Native to Korea

  • Park, Hyeong Bin (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Lee, Byoung-Doo (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Lee, Chang Woo (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Hwang, Jung Eun (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Park, Hwan Joon (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Kim, Seongjun (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • An, Jiae (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Kim, Pyoung Beom (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Kim, Nam Young (Division of Restoration Research, Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology)
  • Received : 2021.06.25
  • Accepted : 2021.08.10
  • Published : 2021.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Iris dichotoma Pall. found on Daechung Island in Korea has been designated as an endangered species. To aid in conservation efforts of this species, this study investigated its germination characteristics and seed dormancy type. Four sets of seeds were incubated at different temperatures (4/1℃, 15/6℃, 20/10℃, and 25/15℃). One set of seeds was cold stratified (4 weeks at 4/1℃). The final germination rate and mean germination time showed that the optimal germination temperature was 25/15℃. Final germination rates were ~70%, showing no significant difference among temperature treatments. However, mean germination time were significantly different among all temperature treatments except for 4/1℃. Mean germination time for seeds with temperature treatments of 15/6℃, 20/10℃, and 25/15℃ were 3.2, 2.1, and 1.5 weeks, respectively. At 25/15℃, the mean germination time was half of that at 15/6℃. Seeds of I. dichotoma had fully developed embryos at the time of dispersal. No additional growth of the embryo was observed. Cold stratification did not affect the final germination rate or the mean germination time. This study shows that seeds of I. dichotoma have no physiological or morphological dormancy, unlike other members of the Iris genus known to have seed dormancy that needs a relatively high incubation temperature (≥25/15℃) for mass propagation to occur. These results will be useful for understanding ecophysiological mechanisms related to the species' habitat. They are also useful for mass propagation of I. dichotoma for the purpose of conserving this endangered species.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Institute of Ecology (NIE), NIE-C-2021-47.

References

  1. Baskin, C.C., and Baskin, J.M. (1998). Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and, evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  2. Baskin, J.M., and Baskin, C.C. (2004). A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research, 14, 166. doi:10.1079/SSR2003150
  3. Demir, I., Ermis, S., Mavi, K., and Matthews, S. (2008). Mean germination time of pepper seed lots (Capsicum annuum L.) predicts size and uniformity of seedlings in germination tests and transplant modules. Seed Science and Technology, 36(1), 21-30. doi:10.15258/sst.2008.36.1.02
  4. Demirkaya, M., Sekerci A.D., Teke, E., and Gulsen, O. (2020). Effects of osmotic conditioning treatments at different temperatures on mean germination time and rate of heliotro pium greuteri. Journal of Biological & Environmental Sciences, 14(40), 1-3.
  5. Finch-Savage, W.E., and Leubner-metzger, G. (2006). Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytologist, 172, 501-523. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8737.2006.01787.x
  6. Geneve, R.L. (2003). Impact of temperature on seed dormancy. HortScience , 38(3), 336-341. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.38.3.336
  7. Hajyzadeh, M., Yildirim, M.U., Mokhtarzadeh, S., Sarihan, E.O., and Khawar, K.M. (2019). Breaking of seed dormancy in iris suaveolens boiss. Et reuter under in vitro conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 18(4), 15-24. doi:10.24326/asphc.2019.4.2
  8. Hidayati, S.N., Baskin, J.M., and Baskin, C.C. (2000). Dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of seeds of four Lonicera species (Caprifoliaceae) with underdeveloped spatulate embryos. Seed Science Research, 10(4), 459-469. doi:10.1017/S0960258500000507
  9. Kang, H.S., Shin, S.Y., and Whang, H.J. (2010). Are the conservation areas sufficient to conserve endangered plant species in Korea?. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33(4), 377-389. doi:10.5141/JEFB.2010.33.4.377
  10. Lashkarian, G., Kalatehjari, S., and Khosroshahli, M. (2012). Seed dormancy breaking evaluation of two subspecies seashore Iris, Iranian Native, through in vitro culture. Journal of Agriculture and Food Technology, 2(3), 56-60.
  11. Lee, S.G., Kim, H.Y., Lee, K.C., and Ku, J.J. (2015). Effects of seed storage methods and shading on seed germination and seedling growth of endangered species, Iris dichotoma and Iris setosa. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 104(1), 60-66. doi:14578/jkfs.2015.104.1.60 https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2015.104.1.60
  12. Martin, A.C. (1946). The comparative internal morphology of seeds. The American midland naturalist, 36, 513-660. doi:10.2307/2421457
  13. Matthews, S., and Hosseini, M.K. (2006). Mean germination time as an indicator of emergence performance in soil of seed lots of maize (Zea mays). Seed Science and Technology, 34(2), 339-347. doi:10.15258/sst.2006.34.2.09.
  14. National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). (2021). National list of species of Korea. Retrieved June 17, 2021 from http://species.nibr.go.kr.
  15. Nikolaeva, M.G. (2004). On criteria to use in studies of seed evolution. Seed Science Research, 14(4), 315-320. doi:10.1079/SSR2004185
  16. Park, H.B., Ko, C.H., Lee, S.Y., Kim, S.Y., Yang, J.C., and Lee, K.H. (2019). Ecophysiology of seed dormancy and germination in four Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae) species native to Korea. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 43(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/s41610-019-0121-8
  17. Song, S.J., Shin, U.S., Oh, H.J., Kim, S.Y., and Lee, S.Y. (2018). Seed germination responses and interspecific variations to different incubation temperatures in eight Veronica species native to Korea. Horticultural Science and Technology, 37(1), 20-31. doi:10.12972/KJHST.20190003
  18. Sun, Y.C., Zhang, Y.J., Wang, K., and Qiu, X.J. (2006). NaOH scarification and stratification improve germination of Iris lactea var. chinensis seed. HortScience, 41(3), 773-774. doi : 10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.773