Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Evaluation of satellite-based evapotranspiration and soil moisture data applicability in Jeju Island

제주도에서의 위성기반 증발산량 및 토양수분 적용성 평가

  • Jeon, Hyunho (Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Cho, Sungkeun (Department of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Chung, Il-Moon (Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Choi, Minha (School of Civil, Architecture Engineering & Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 전현호 (성균관대학교 글로벌스마트시티융합전공) ;
  • 조성근 (성균관대학교 수자원학과) ;
  • 정일문 (한국건설기술연구원 수자원하천연구본부) ;
  • 최민하 (성균관대학교 건설환경공학부)
  • Received : 2021.05.28
  • Accepted : 2021.08.20
  • Published : 2021.10.31
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Abstract

In Jeju Island which has peculiarity for its geological features and hydrology system, hydrological factor analysis for the effective water management is necessary. Because in-situ hydro-meteorological data is affected by surrounding environment, the in-situ dataset could not be the spatially representative for the study area. For this reason, remote sensing data may be used to overcome the limit of the in-situ data. In this study, applicability assessment of MOD16 evapotranspiration data, Globas Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) based evapotranspiration/soil moisture data, and Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) soil moisture product which were evaluated their applicability on other study areas was conducted. In the case of evapotranspiration, comparison with total precipitation and flux-tower based evapotranspiration were conducted. And for soil moisture, 6 in-situ data and ASCAT soil moisture product were compared on each site. As a result, 57% of annual precipitation was calculated as evapotranspiration, and the correlation coefficient between MOD16 evapotranspiration and GLDAS evapotranspiration was 0.759, which was a robust value. The correlation coefficient was 0.434, indicating a relatively low fit. In the case of soil moisture, in the case of the GLDAS data, the RMSE value was less than 0.05 at all sites compared to the in-situ data, and a statistically significant result was obtained as a result of the significance test of the correlation coefficient. However, for satellite data, RMSE over than 0.05 were found at Wolgak and there was no correlation at Sehwa and Handong points. It is judged that the above results are due to insufficient quality control and spatial representation of the evapotranspiration and soil moisture sensors installed in Jeju Island. It is estimated as the error that appears when adjacent to the coast. Through this study, the necessity of improving the existing ground observation data of hydrometeorological factors is emphasized.

제주도는 지질 및 수문계의 특이성으로 인해 수문기상인자 분석을 통한 수문 분석 및 효율적인 물관리가 필수적이다. 하지만 수문기상인자의 지상관측자료는 주변 환경에 의한 영향이 크게 작용하여 공간적인 대표성을 띄기 힘들며, 이를 극복하기 위해 원격탐사 방법이 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 제주도에서 기존에 다른 지역들에서 적용성이 검증된 바 있는 MOD16 증발산량, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) 증발산량, GLDAS 토양수분, Advanced SCATerometer(ASCAT) 토양수분 산출물들의 적용성을 평가하였다. 증발산의 경우 강수량과의 총량 비교 및 플럭스타워 증발산량 관측자료와의 비교를 시행하였고, 토양수분의 경우 6개 토양수분 관측소의 관측자료와 비교하였다. 그 결과 증발산량의 경우 연 강수량의 57%가 증발산량으로 산출되었고, MOD16 증발산량과 GLDAS 증발산량의 상관계수는 0.759로 양호한 값이 산출되었으나, 플럭스타워 증발산량 데이터와 MOD16 증발산량의 상관계수는 0.289, GLDAS 증발산량과의 상관계수는 0.434로 상대적으로 적합성이 낮게 나타났다. 토양수분의 경우 GLDAS 자료의 경우 모든 지점에서 지점자료와 비교하였을 때 RMSE 값은 0.05 미만의 값을 나타냈고, 상관계수의 유의성 검정 결과 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 얻었다. 하지만 위성자료의 경우 월각지점에서 0.05 이상의 RMSE 값이 나타났고, 세화, 한동 지점에서 상관성이 없다는 상관계수의 유의성 검정 결과를 확인하였다. 이는 제주도에 설치된 증발산량 및 토양수분 센서의 품질관리 및 공간대표성을 띄는 면단위 센서가 충분히 제공되지 않아 위와 같은 결과가 나타나는 것으로 판단된며 더불어 지점 자료의 관리 및 위성, 재분석 자료의 경우 관측 픽셀이 해안과 인접할 시 나타나는 오차로 추정된다. 본 연구를 통해 기존 수문기상인자 지상관측 자료의 개선 필요성을 역셜하고, 이를 통해 제주도에서의 효율적인 물관리 를 위한 기반을 구축하고자 한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 K-Water의 위탁연구사업 "제주도 수자원 부존 현황 조사 및 분석"의 성과입니다. 이 논문은 2019년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구입니다(NRF2019R1A2B5B01070196). 본 저작물은 기상청에서 2018년부터 2020년까지 작성하여 공공누리 제 1유형으로 개방한 지상관측 토양수분 데이터와 2019년부터 2020년까지 작성하여 공공누리 제 1유형으로 개방한 지상관측 일강수량 데이터를 이용하였으며, 해당 저작물은 기상청, 기상자료개방포털(https://data.kma.go.kr/cmmn/main.do)에서 무료로 다운받으실 수 있습니다. 본 저작물은 국립산림과학원에서 2020년에 작성하여 공공누리 제 1유형으로 개방한 잠열 플럭스 데이터를 이용하였으며, 해당 저작물은 국립산림과학원, 산림과학지식서비스(https://know.nifos.go.kr/know/info/main/knowMain.do)에서 무료로 다운받으실 수 있습니다.

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