Nuclear Engineering and Technology

  • 제53권9호
  • /
  • Pages.2888-2898
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 1738-5733(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-358X(eISSN)
한국원자력학회 (Korean Nuclear Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Vital area identification for the physical protection of NPPs in low-power and shutdown operations

  • 투고 : 2020.10.23
  • 심사 : 2021.03.31
  • 발행 : 2021.09.25
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Vital area identification (VAI) is an essential procedure for the design of physical protection systems (PPSs) for nuclear power plants (NPPs). The purpose of PPS design is to protect vital areas. VAI has been improved continuously to overcome the shortcomings of previous VAI generations. In first-generation VAI, a sabotage fault tree was developed directly without reusing probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) results or information. In second-generation VAI, VAI model was constructed from all PSA event trees and fault trees. While in third-generation VAI, it was developed from the simplified PSA event trees and fault trees. While VAIs have been performed for NPPs in full-power operations, VAI for NPPs in low-power and shutdown (LPSD) operations has not been studied and performed, even though NPPs in LPSD operations are very vulnerable to sabotage due to the very crowded nature of NPP maintenance. This study is the first to research and apply VAI to LPSD operation of NPP. Here, the third-generation VAI method for full-power operation of NPP was adapted to the VAI of LPSD operation. In this study, LPSD VAI for a few plant operational states (POSs) was performed. Furthermore, the operation strategy of vital areas for both full-power and LPSD operations was discussed. The LPSD VAI method discussed in this paper can be easily applied to all POSs. The method and insights in this study can be important for future LPSD VAI that reflects various LPSD operational states. Regulatory bodies and electric utilities can take advantage of this LPSD VAI method.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by the Korea Foundation Of Nuclear Safety (KOFONS) grant funded by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC), Republic of Korea (No.2101062).

참고문헌

  1. IAEA, Nuclear security series No. 13 - nuclear security recommendations on physical protection of nuclear material and nuclear facilities, INFCIRC 225/Rev. 5 (2011).
  2. IAEA, Nuclear Security Series No. 16 - Identification of Vital Areas at Nuclear Facilities, 2012.
  3. G.B. Varnado, D.W. Whitehead, Vital Area Identification for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nuclear Power Reactor Licensees and New Reactor Applicants, Sandia National Laboratories, 2008. SAND-5644.
  4. EPRI, Probabilistic Consequences Analysis of Security Threats - A Prototype Vulnerability Assessment Process for Nuclear Power Plants, 1007975, Final Report, 2004.
  5. G.B. Varnado, N.R. Ortiz, Fault Tree Analysis for Vital Area Identification, NUREG/CR-0809, SAND79-0946, Sandia National Laboratories, 1979.
  6. D.W. Stack, K.A. Francis, Vital Area Analysis Using Sets, NUREG/CR-1487, SAND80-1095, Sandia National Laboratories, 1980.
  7. J.E. Yang, C.K. Park, S.Y. Choi, J.H. Kim, H.G. Kang, PSA-based Vital Area Identification of Nuclear Installations, Korean Nuclear Society, 2002.
  8. C.K. Park, W.S. Jung, J.E. Yang, H.G. Kang, A PSA-based vital area identification methodology development, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 2 (2) (2003) 133-140.
  9. J.J. Ha, W.S. Jung, C.K. Park, The application of PSA techniques to the vital area identification of nuclear power plants, Nuclear Engineering and Technology 37 (3) (2005) 259-264.
  10. W.S. Jung, Y.H. Lee, J.E. Yang, Development of A New quantification method for a fire PSA, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 94 (2009) 1650-1657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2009.04.004
  11. Y.H. Lee, W.S. Jung, M.J. Hwang, J.E. Yang, Vital area identification of nuclear facilities by using PSA, J. Korean Surg. Soc. 24 (5) (2009) 63-68.
  12. T. Malachova, Z. Vintr, "Vital area identification - state-of-the-art, Advances in Military Technology 10 (1) (2015) 81-96.
  13. M.H. Kang, M.S. Koh, Application to vital areas identification of nuclear power plants based on PSA, Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 4 (4) (2018) 460-468.
  14. Y.H. Lee, W.S. Jung, J.H. Lee, Vital area identification analysis of a hypothetical nuclear facility using VIPEX, J. Korean Surg. Soc. 26 (4) (2011) 87-95.
  15. W.S. Jung, ZBDD algorithm features for an efficient probabilistic safety assessment, Nucl. Eng. Des. 239 (2009) 2085-2092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.05.005
  16. W.S. Jung, M.J. Hwang, M.H. Kang, Vital area identification rule development and its application for the physical protection of nuclear power plants, J. Korean Surg. Soc. 32 (3) (2017) 160-171.
  17. W.S. Jung, An Efficient Vital Area Identification Method, Korean Nuclear Society, 2017.
  18. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Evaluation of Potential Severe Accidents during Low Power and Shutdown Operations at Surry - Unit 1, NUREG/CR-6144, 1995.
  19. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Regulations: Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations - ξ 73.55 Requirements for Physical Protection of Licensed Activities in Nuclear Power Reactors against Radiological Sabotage, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, 2013.