Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to the "Establishment of 'KR Chicken' Strain for Small and Micro Community Enterprise (SMCE) Production" project, which was supported by Suranaree University of Technology and Thailand Science Research and Innovation, for providing the chickens. We also thank the Center of Excellence on Technology and Innovation for Korat Chicken Business Development for their financial support, which was granted by the Suranaree University of Technology. We would like to sincerely thank Suranaree University of Technology for the Full-time Doctoral Researcher grant (Grant ID. FtR.19/2560 to A.M.).
References
- Sarica M, Yamak US, Turhan S, Boz MA, Saricaoglu FT, Altop A. Comparing slow-growing chickens produced by two- and three-way crossings with commercial genotypes. 2. Carcass quality and blood parameters. Eur Poult Sci 2014;78. https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2014.30
- UN, The sustainable development goals report. New York, USA: Department of Economic and Social Affairs (US); 2018. 40 p. Report No.: 2518-3958.
- Kubota S, Vandee A, Keawnakient P, Molee W, Yongsawatdikul J, Molee A. Effects of the MC4R, CAPN1, and ADSL genes on body weight and purine content in slow-growing chickens. Poult Sci 2019;98:4327-37. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez262
- Williams SM, Price SE, Siegel PB. Heterosis of growth and reproductive traits in fowl. Poult Sci 2002;81:1109-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.8.1109
- Wang W, Ouyang K, Ouyang J, Li H, Lin S, Sun H. Polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor I gene in six chicken breeds and its relationship with growth traits. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2004;17:301-4. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.301
- Sun DX, Wang D, Yu Y, Zhang Y. Cloning and characterization of liver cDNAs that are differentially expressed between chicken hybrids and their parents. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2005;18:1684-90. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1684
- Abasht B, Lamont S. Genome-wide association analysis reveals cryptic alleles as an important factor in heterosis for fatness in chicken F2 population. Anim Genet 2007;38:491-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01642.x
- Kaeppler S. Heterosis: Many genes, many mechanisms-End the search for an undiscovered unifying theory. Int Sch Res Notices 2012;2012:Article ID 682824. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/682824
- McCann-Levorse LM, Radecki SV, Donoghue DJ, Malamed S, Foster DN, Scanes CG. Ontogeny of pituitary hormone and growth hormone mRNA in the chicken. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1993;202:109-13. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-202-43519
- Kita K, Nagao K, Okumura J. Nutritional and tissue specificity of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 gene expression in growing chickens - A Review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2005;18:747-54. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.747
- Su YJ, Shu JT, Zhang M, et al. Association of chicken growth hormone polymorphisms with egg production. Genet Mol Res 2014;13:4893-903. https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.July.4.3
- Vasilatos-Younken R, Zhou Y, Wang X, et al. Altered chicken thyroid hormone metabolism with chronic GH enhancement in vivo: consequences for skeletal muscle growth. J Endocrinol 2000;166:609-20. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1660609
- Anh NTL, Kunhareang S, Duangjinda M. Association of chicken growth hormones and insulin-like growth factor gene polymorphisms with growth performance and carcass traits in Thai broilers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015;28:1686-95. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0028
- McMurtry JP, Francis GL, Upton Z. Insulin-like growth factors in poultry. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1997;14:199-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0739-7240(97)00019-2
- Florini JR, Ewton DZ, Coolican SA. Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis. Endocr Rev 1996;17:481-517. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-17-5-481
- Zhou H, Mitchell AD, McMurtry JP, Ashwell CM, Lamont SJ. Insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism associations with growth, body composition, skeleton integrity, and metabolic traits in chickens. Poult Sci 2005;84:212-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.2.212
- Scanes CG. Perspectives on the endocrinology of poultry growth and metabolism. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009;163:24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.013
- Boschiero C, Jorge EC, Ninov K, et al. Association of IGF1 and KDM5A polymorphisms with performance, fatness and carcass traits in chickens. J Appl Genet 2013;54:103-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-012-0129-6
- Wu X, Yan MJ, Lian SY, Liu XT, Li A. GH gene polymorphisms and expression associated with egg laying in muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata). Hereditas 2014;151:14-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.2013.00016.x
- Soendergaard C, Young JA, Kopchick JJ. Growth hormone resistancee-Special focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18:1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051019
- Rastegar M, Lemaigre FP, Rousseau GG. Control of gene expression by growth hormone in liver: key role of a network of transcription factors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000;164:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00263-X
- Laron Z. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1): a growth hormone. Mol Pathol 2001;54:311-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/mp.54.5.311
- Jia J, Ahmed I, Liu L, et al. Selection for growth rate and body size have altered the expression profiles of somatotropic axis genes in chickens. PLoS One 2018;13:e0195378. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195378
- Nie Q, Sun B, Zhang D, et al. High diversity of the chicken growth hormone gene and effects on growth and carcass traits. J Hered 2005;96:698-703. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esi114
- Pandey NK, Singh RP, Saxena VK, et al. Effect of IGF1 gene polymorphism and expression levels on growth factors in Indian colored broilers. Livest Sci 2013;155:157-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.05.009
- Gilmour AR, Gogel BJ, Cullis BR, Thompson R. ASReml User Guide Release 3.0. Hemel Hempstead, UK: VSN International Ltd; 2009.
- Moe HH, Shimogiri T, Kawabe K, et al. Genotypic frequency in Asian native chicken populations and gene expression using insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene promoter polymorphism. J Poult Sci 2009;46:1-5. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.46.1
- Thakur MS, Parmar SNS, Tolenkhomba TC, et al. Growth hormone gene polymorphism in Kadaknath breed of poultry. Indian J Biotechnol 2006;5:189-94.
- Taha AE, AbdEl-Ghany FA. Improving production traits for El-salam and Mandarah chicken strains by crossing II-Estimation of crossbreeding effects for growth production traits. Int J Nutr Food Eng 2013;7:982-87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1088282
- Nwenya JMI, Nwakpu EP, Nwose RN, Ogbuagu KP. Performance and heterosis of indigenous chicken crossbreed (Naked Neck × Frizzled Feather) in the humid tropics. J Poult Res 2017;14:7-11.
- Ebrahimi K, Dashab GR, Faraji-Arough H, Rokouei M. Estimation of additive and non-additive genetic variances of body weight in crossbreed populations of the Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2019;98:46-55. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey357
- Tang S, Sun D, Ou J, Zhang Y, Xu G, Zhang Y. Evaluation of the IGFs (IGF1 and IGF2) genes as candidates for growth, body measurement, carcass, and reproduction traits in Beijing You and Silkie chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2010;21:104-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495390903328090
- Sun LY, Al-Regaiey K, Masternak MM, Wang J, Bartke A. Local expression of GH and IGF-1 in the hippocampus of GH-deficient long-lived mice. Neurobiol Aging 2005;26:929-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.07.010
- Jasouria M, Zamania P, Alijanib S. Dominance genetic and maternal effects for genetic evaluation of egg production traits in dual-purpose chickens. Br Poult Sci 2017;58:498-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2017.1336748
- Liu J, Li M, Zhang Q, Xin W, Huang X. Exploring the molecular basis of heterosis for plant breeding. J Integr Plant Biol 2020;62:287-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12804
- Su L, Wang SH, Han RL, et al. Polymorphisms of the PNPLA3 gene and their associations with chicken growth and carcass traits. Br Poult Sci 2012;53:453-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2012.713465
- Zhang G, Fan Q, Zhang T, et al. Genome-wide association study of growth traits in the Jinghai Yellow chicken. Genet Mol Res 2015;14:15331-8. https://doi.org/10.4238/2015. November.30.10
- Amills M, Jimenez N, Villalba D, et al. Identification of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the chicken insulinlike growth factor 1 and 2 genes and their associations with growth and feeding traits. Poult Sci 2003;82:1485-93. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.10.1485
- Faria DA, Peixoto JO, Lopes PS, Paiva SR, Silva PV, Guimaraes SF. Association between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) microsatellite polymorphisms and important economic traits in pigs. R Bras Zootec 2009;38:265-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982009000200007