Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects on Kinematics and Joint Coordination of Ankle and MTP Joint as Bending Stiffness Increase of Shoes during Running

달리기 시 인솔의 굽힘 강성 증가에 따른 발목과 중족골 관절의 운동학적 변인 및 관절 협응에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Sungmin (Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Moon, Jeheon (Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education)
  • Received : 2021.08.22
  • Accepted : 2021.09.28
  • Published : 2021.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze body stability Joint coordination pattern though as bending stiffness of shoes during stance phase of running. Method: 47 male subjects (Age: 26.33 ± 2.11 years, Height: 177.32 ± 4.31 cm, Weight: 65.8 ± 3.87 kg) participated in this study. All subjects tested wearing the same type of running shoes by classifying bending stiffness (A shoes: 3.2~4.1 N, B shoes: 9.25~10.53 N, C shoes: 20.22~21.59 N). They ran 10 m at 3.3 m/s (SD ±3%) speed, and the speed was monitored by installing a speedometer at 3 m intervals between force plate, and the measured data were analyzed five times. During running, ankle joint, MTP joint, coupling angle, inclination angle (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral) was collected and analyzed. Vector coding methods were used to calculate vector angle of 2 joint couples during running: MTP-Ankle joint frontal plane. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 and for repeated measured ANOVA and Post-hoc was Bonferroni. Results: Results indicated that there was an interaction between three shoes and phases for MTP (Metatarsalphalangeal) joint angle (p = .045), the phases in the three shoes showed difference with heel strike~impact peak (p1) (p = .000), impact peak~active peak (p2) (p = .002), from active peak to half the distance to take-off until take-off (p4) (p = .032) except for active peak~from active peak to half the distance to take-off (p3) (p = .155). ML IA (medial-lateral inclination angle) for C shoes was increased than other shoes. The coupling angle of ankle angle and MTP joint showed that there was significantly difference of p2 (p = .005), p4 (p = .045), and the characteristics of C shoes were that single-joint pattern (ankle-phase, MTP-phase) was shown in each phase. Conclusion: In conclusion, by wearing high bending stiffness shoes, their body instability was increased during running.

Keywords

References

  1. Allum, J. H. J., Zamani, F., Adkin, A. L. & Ernst, A. (2002). Differences between trunk sway characteristics on a foam support surface and on the Equitest® ankle-sway-referenced support surface. Gait and Posture, 16(3), 264-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00011-5
  2. Arif, M., Ohtaki, Y., Nagatomi, R., Ishihara, T. & Inooka, H. (2002, October). Analysis of the effect of fatigue on walking gait stability. In Proceedings of 2002 international symposium on micromechatronics and human science (pp. 253-258). IEEE.
  3. Bates, B. T., Dufek, J. S. & Davis, H. P. (1992). The effect of trial size on statistical power. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(9), 1059-1068.
  4. Berger, W., Trippel, M., Discher, M. & Dietz, V. (1992). Influence of Subjects' Height on the Stabilization of Posture. In Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) (Vol. 112).
  5. Chang, R., Van Emmerik, R. & Hamill, J. (2008). Quantifying rearfoot-forefoot coordination in human walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(14), 3101-3105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.07.024
  6. Chiu, S. L., Lu, T. W. & Chou, L. S. (2010). Altered inter-joint coordination during walking in patients with total hip arthroplasty. Gait and Posture, 32(4), 656-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.015
  7. Chou, L. S., Kaufman, K. R., Hahn, M. E. & Brey, R. H. (2003). Mediolateral motion of the center of mass during obstacle crossing distinguishes elderly individuals with imbalance. Gait & Posture, 18(3), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00067-X
  8. DeLeo, A. T., Dierks, T. A., Ferber, R. & Davis, I. S. (2004). Lower extremity joint coupling during running: A current update. Clinical Biomechanics, 19(10), 983-991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.07.005
  9. Duncan, P. W., Weiner, D. K., Chandler, J. & Studenski, S. (1990). Functional reach: a new clinical measure of balance. Journal of Gerontology, 45(6), M192-M197. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/45.6.M192
  10. Ferber, R., Davis, I. M. C. & Williams, D. S. (2005). Effect of foot orthotics on rearfoot and tibia joint coupling patterns and variability. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(3), 477-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.04.019
  11. Goldmann, J. P., Sanno, M., Willwacher, S., Heinrich, K. & Bruggemann, G. P. (2013). The potential of toe flexor muscles to enhance performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(4), 424-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.736627
  12. Gregory, R. W., Axtell, R. S., Robertson, M. I. & Lunn, W. R. (2018). The Effects of a Carbon Fiber Shoe Insole on Athletic Performance in Collegiate Athletes. Journal of Sports Science, 6(4), 219-230.
  13. Hahn, M. E. & Chou, L. S. (2004). Age-related reduction in sagittal plane center of mass motion during obstacle crossing. Journal of Biomechanics, 37(6), 837-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.11.010
  14. Hamill, J., Van Emmerik, R. E. A., Heiderscheit, B. C. & Li, L. (1999). A dynamical systems approach to lower extremity running injuries. Clinical Biomechanics, 14(5), 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(98)90092-4
  15. Heiderscheit, B. C., Hamill, J. & Van Emmerik, R. E. A. (2002). Variability of stride characteristics and joint coordination among individuals with unilateral patellofemoral pain. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 18(2), 110-121. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.18.2.110
  16. Hennig, E. M., Milani, T. L. & Lafortune, M. A. (1993). Use of ground reaction force parameters in predicting peak tibial accelerations in running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 9(4), 306-314. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.9.4.306
  17. Holt, K. G., Wagenaar, R. C., LaFiandra, M. E., Kubo, M. & Obusek, J. P. (2003). Increased musculoskeletal stiffness during load carriage at increasing walking speeds maintains constant vertical excursion of the body center of mass. Journal of Biomechanics, 36(4), 465-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00457-8
  18. Horak, F. B. (2006). Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls?. Age and Ageing, 35(suppl_2), ii7-ii11. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afl077
  19. Ijmker, T., Houdijk, H., Lamoth, C. J. C., Beek, P. J. & van der Woude, L. H. V. (2013). Energy cost of balance control during walking decreases with external stabilizer stiffness independent of walking speed. Journal of Biomechanics, 46(13), 2109-2114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.07.005
  20. Jian, Y., Winter, D. A., Ishac, M. G. & Gilchrist, L. (1993). Trajectory of the body COG and COP during initiation and termination of gait. Gait & Posture, 1(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(93)90038-3
  21. Kadaba, M. P., Ramakrishnan, H. K. & Wootten, M. E. (1990). Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 8(3), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100080310
  22. Kaya, B. K., Krebs, D. E. & Riley, P. O. (1998). Dynamic stability in elders: Momentum control in locomotor ADL. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 53(2), M126-M134. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/53A.2.M126
  23. Kim, S. K. (2000). The patterns and directions of technological innovation. Seoul: Science & Technology Policy Institute, p 1-154.
  24. Lee, Y. S. & Ryu, J. S. (2019). The relationship between anthropometric parameters of the foot and kinetic variables during running. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 29(3), 173-183 https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2019.29.3.173
  25. Li, Y., Alexander, M., Glazebrook, C. & Leiter, J. (2016). Quantifying intersegmental coordination during the instep soccer kicks. International Journal of Exercise Science, 9(5), 646-656.
  26. Lin, S. C., Chen, C. P. C., Tang, S. F. T., Wong, A. M. K., Hsieh, J. H. & Chen, W. P. (2013). Changes in windlass effect in response to different shoe and insole designs during walking. Gait and Posture, 37(2), 235-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.07.010
  27. MacKinnon, C. D. & Winter, D. A. (1993). Control of whole body balance in the frontal plane during human walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 26(6), 633-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(93)90027-C
  28. Mok, S. H., Kwank, C. S. & Kwon, O. B. (2004). The influence of midsole hardness of running shoes on shoes flex angle during running. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 14(2), 85-103. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2004.14.2.085
  29. McLeod, A. R., Bruening, D., Johnson, A. W., Ward, J. & Hunter, I. (2020). Improving running economy through altered shoe bending stiffness across speeds. Footwear Science, 12(2), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2020.1734870
  30. Nigg, B., Hintzen, S. & Ferber, R. (2006). Effect of an unstable shoe construction on lower extremity gait characteristics. Clinical Biomechanics, 21(1), 82-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.013
  31. Nigg, B. M., Bahlsen, H. A., Luethi, S. M. & Stokes, S. (1987). The influence of running velocity and midsole hardness on external impact forces in heel-toe running. Journal of Biomechanics, 20(10), 951-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(87)90324-1
  32. Nigg, B. M. & Segesser, B. (1992). Biomechanical and orthopedic concepts in sport shoe construction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(5), 595-602.
  33. Oh, K. & Park, S. (2017). The bending stiffness of shoes is beneficial to running energetics if it does not disturb the natural MTP joint flexion. Journal of Biomechanics, 53, 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.014
  34. Oleson, M., Adler, D. & Goldsmith, P. (2005). A comparison of forefoot stiffness in running and running shoe bending stiffness. Journal of Biomechanics, 38(9), 1886-1894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.08.014
  35. Opila-Correia, K. A. (1990). Kinematics of high-heeled gait with consideration for age and experience of wearers. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 71(11), 905-909.
  36. Perry, J. & Burnfield, J. M. (2010). Gait analysis. Normal and pathological function 2nd ed. California: Slack.
  37. Roy, J. P. R. & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2006). Shoe midsole longitudinal bending stiffness and running economy, joint energy, and EMG. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(3), 562-569. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000193562.22001.e8
  38. Ryan, W., Harrison, A. & Hayes, K. (2006). Functional data analysis of knee joint kinematics in the vertical jump. Sports Biomechanics, 5(1), 121-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2006.9628228
  39. Ryu, J. S. (2006). Analysis of the lower extremity's coupling angles during forward and backwar running. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 16(3), 149-163. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2006.16.3.149
  40. Smith, G., Lake, M., Lees, A. & Worsfold, P. (2012). Measurement procedures affect the interpretation of metatarsophalangeal joint function during accelerated sprinting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(14), 1521-1527. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.713501
  41. Stefanyshyn, D. & Fusco, C. (2004). Athletics: Increased shoe bending stiffness increases sprint performance. Sports Biomechanics, 3(1), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763140408522830
  42. Stefanyshyn, D. J. & Nigg, B. M. (1997). Mechanical energy contribution of the metatarsophalangeal joint to running and sprinting. Journal of Biomechanics, 30(11-12), 1081-1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(97)00081-X
  43. Stefanyshyn, D. J. & Nigg, B. M. (2000). Influence of midsole bending stiffness on joint energy and jump height performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(2), 471-476. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200002000-00032
  44. Tinoco, N., Bourgit, D. & Morin, J. B. (2010). Influence of midsole metatarsophalangeal stiffness on jumping and cutting movement abilities. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 224(3), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1243/17543371JSET69
  45. Willwacher, S., Konig, M., Braunstein, B., Goldmann, J. P. & Bruggemann, G. P. (2014). The gearing function of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness. Gait and Posture, 40(3), 386-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.05.005
  46. Willwacher, S., Konig, M., Potthast, W. & Bruggemann, G. P. (2013). Does specific footwear facilitate energy storage and return at the meta-tarsophalangeal joint in running?. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 29(5), 583-592. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.5.583
  47. Winter, D. A. (2009). Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement (4th ed.). Ontaio: John Wiley & Sons Inc