DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

공군 조종사의 소명의식과 외상 후 성장의 관계 - 인지적 정서조절의 매개효과와 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과 -

The Relationship between Calling and Posttraumatic Growth of the Air Force Pilot - Mediating Effect of Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Moderating Effect of Transformational Leadership -

  • 투고 : 2021.08.09
  • 심사 : 2021.09.23
  • 발행 : 2021.09.30

초록

This study examined the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between calling and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and the moderating role of transformational leadership among Air Force pilots. A total of 215 ROK Air Force pilots participated in this study twice with an interval of 4 weeks. The results of this study were as follows. First, calling, transformational leadership, adaptive emotion regulation, and PTG showed statistically significant correlations. Second, a mediating model showed that the relationship between calling and PTG was mediated by adaptive emotion regulation. Third, the moderation effect of transformational leadership in the relationship calling on adaptive emotion regulation was found. Finally, transformational leadership also moderated the mediating effect of calling on PTG through adaptive emotion regulation was identified. Implications, limitations, and future research suggestions were discussed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. King, L. A., King, D. W., Vogt, D. S., Knight, J., and Samper, R. E., "Deployment risk and resilience inventory: A collection of measures for studying deployment-related experiences of military personnel and veterans", Military Psychology, 18(2), 2006, pp.89-120. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1802_1
  2. Lahav, Y., Kanat-Maymon, Y., and Solomon, Z., "Posttraumatic growth and dyadic adjustment among war veterans and their wives", Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 2017, pp.1-11.
  3. American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edn)", American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, 2013.
  4. Larner, B., and Blow, A., "A model of meaning-making coping and growth in combat veterans", Review of General Psychology, 15(3), 2011, pp.187-197. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024810
  5. Sung, E. J., and Park, S. H., "Exposure to human error-related aircraft accident in male air force pilots: Its effect on PTSD symptoms and the moderation effect of cognitive flexibility", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37(1), 2018, pp.80-90. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2018.37.1.007
  6. Chung, M. Y., Suh, I., Jeong, I. J., Kim, D. K., and Min, K. H., "The prevalence and the analysis of variables in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder", Korean Association of Social Psychiatry, 7(2), 2002, pp.93-102.
  7. Han, J. W., and Lee, B. S., "The relationship of post-traumatic stress, job stress and turnover intention in emergency department nurses", Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 19(3), 2013, pp.340-350. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2013.19.3.340
  8. Lee, N. Y., and Hah, Y. S., "Post-traumatic stress experienced by firefighters and paramedics", Perspectives in Nursing Science, 9(2), 2012, pp.83-93.
  9. Sin, S. W., "A study on the post traumatic stress disorder among police officers", Journal of Korean Public Police and Security Studies, 8(4), 2012, pp.237-260. https://doi.org/10.25023/KAPSA.8.4.201202.237
  10. Chappelle, W. L., McDonald, K. D., Prince, L., Goodman, T., Ray-Sannerud, B. N., and Thompson, W., "Symptoms of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder in United States Air Force "drone" operators", Military Medicine, 179(8), 2014, pp. 63-70. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00501
  11. Seol, J. H., Park, Y., Choi, J., and Sohn, Y. W., "The mediating role of meaning in life in the effects of calling on posttraumatic stress symptoms and growth: A longitudinal study of navy soldiers deployed to the gulf of aden", Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2021, pp.1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00001
  12. Vasterling, J. J., Proctor, S. P., Friedman, M. J., Hoge, C. W., Heeren, T., King, L. A., & King, D. W., "PTSD symptom increases in Iraq-deployed soldiers: Comparison with nondeployed soldiers and associations with baseline symptoms, deployment experiences, and postdeployment stress", Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 23(1), 2010, pp.41-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20487
  13. Tedeschi, R. G., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Taku, K., and Calhoun, L. G., "Posttraumatic Growth: Theory, Research, and Applications", Routledge, 2018.
  14. Park, C. L., "Meaning making in the context of disasters", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(12), 2016, pp.1234-1246. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22270
  15. Tedeschi, R. G., and Calhoun, L. G., "The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 1996, pp.455-472. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090305
  16. Tedeschi, R. G., and Calhoun, L. G., "Post-traumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence", Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 2004, pp.1-18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  17. Lee, J. S., and Park, H. S., "Impact of emotional intelligence and vocational calling on post-traumatic growth in police officers", Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 26(4), 2017, pp.382-390. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2017.26.4.382
  18. Han, S. W., and Kim, H. S., "Factors influencing post-traumatic growth with police officer", Crisisonomy, 11(3), 2015, pp.189-206.
  19. Lee, N. Y., "Posttraumatic growth in fire officers: A structural equation model", Ph.D. Thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, Aug 2019.
  20. Kwon, H. R., Eoh, Y., and Park, S. H., "The mediating role of catastrophizing in the relationship between emotional clarity and posttraumatic stress symptoms among earthquake survivors in Korea: A cross-sectional study", Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2020, pp.1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00001
  21. Looney, C. J. D., "Darkest before the dawn: Post-traumatic growth in the military", Global Views on Military Stress and Resilience, 2017, pp.191-206.
  22. Dik, B. J., and Duffy, R. D., "Calling and vocation at work: Definitions and prospects for research and practice", The Counseling Psychologist, 37(3), 2009, pp.424-450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000008316430
  23. Dik, B. J., Duffy, R. D., and Eldridge, B. M., "Calling and vocation in career counseling: Recommendations for promoting meaningful work", Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(6), 2009, pp.625-632. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015547
  24. Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., and Schwartz, B., "Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work", Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 1997, pp.21-33. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2162
  25. Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., and Bott, E. M., "Calling and life satisfaction among undergraduate students: Investigating mediators and moderators", Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 2012, pp.469-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9274-6
  26. Duffy, R. D., Dik, B. J., and Steger, M. F., "Calling and work-related outcomes: Career commitment as a mediator", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78(2), 2011, pp.210-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.09.013
  27. Duffy, R. D., Manuel, R. S., Borges, N. J., and Bott, E. M., "Calling, vocational development, and well being: A longitudinal study of medical students", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 2011, pp.361-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.023
  28. Park, Y. U., and Seol, J. H., "The moderating effect of vocational calling between traumatic experience and meaning in life of Korean navies dispatched overseas", Korean Journal of Military Art and Science, 75(2), 2019, pp.139-166. https://doi.org/10.31066/KJMAS.2019.75.2.006
  29. Peterson, C., Park, N., Hall, N., & Seligman, M. E., "Zest and work", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(2), 2009, pp.161-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.584
  30. Park, Y. U., Seol, J. H., and Sohn, Y. W., "Effects of occupational calling and social support on the anxiety of Korean navies dispatched overseas", Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, 24(1), 2018, pp.63-77. https://doi.org/10.20406/kjcs.2018.2.24.1.63
  31. Jang, J. Y., and Lee, J. Y., "The relation between perceiving a calling and life satisfaction: The mediating effects of work meaning, living a calling, life meaning, and job satisfaction", Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 26(1), 2014, pp.123-146.
  32. Kim, K. M., and Ryu, S. A., "Positive emotion, satisfaction with college life, and career preparation: The mediation of calling", Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, 25(3), 2019, pp.231-248. https://doi.org/10.20406/kjcs.2019.8.25.3.231
  33. Park, J. O., and Jung, K. I., "Effects of advanced beginner-stage nurses' sense of calling, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on retention intention", Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 22(2), 2016, pp.137-147. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.2.137
  34. Thompson, R, A., "Emotional regulation and emotional development", Educational Psychology Review, 4, 1991, pp.269-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01319934
  35. Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., and Spinhoven, P., "Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems", Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 2001, pp.1311-1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6
  36. Aldwin, C. M., Sutton, K. J., and Lachman, M., "The development of coping resources in adulthood", Journal of Personality, 64(4), 1996, pp.837-871. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00946.x
  37. Cox, K., and McAdams, D. P., "Meaning making during high and low point life story episodes predicts emotion regulation two years later: How the past informs the future", Journal of Research in Personality, 50, 2014, pp.66-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.03.004
  38. Gross, J. J., "Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences", Psychophysiology, 39(3), 2002, pp.281-291. https://doi.org/10.1017.S0048577201393198
  39. Thompson, J. A., and Bunderson, J. S., "Research on work as a calling... and how to make it matter", Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 6, 2019, pp.421-443. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015140
  40. Rawat, A., and Nadavulakere, S., "Examining the outcomes of having a calling: Does context matter?", Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(3), 2015, pp.499-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9378-1
  41. Bakker, A. B., and Demerouti, E., "The job demands-resources model: State of the art", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2007.
  42. Burns, J. M., "Leadership", Harper & Row, New York, 1978.
  43. Perko, K., Kinnunen, U., and Feldt, T., "Transformational leadership and depressive symptoms among employees: Mediating factors", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 2014, pp.286-304. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2012-0082
  44. Bass, B. M., "The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications", Free Press, New York, 2008.
  45. Gooty, J., Gavin, M., Johnson, P. D., Frazier, M. L., and Snow, D. B., "In the eyes of the beholder: Transformational leadership, positive psychological capital, and performance", Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15(4), 2009, pp.353-367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809332021
  46. Bass, B. M., "Does the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries?", American Psychologist, 52(2), 1997, pp. 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130
  47. Jung, D. I., and Avolio, B. J., "Opening the black box: An experimental investigation of the mediating effects of trust and value congruence on transformational and transactional leadership", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(8), 2000, pp.949-964. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1379(200012)21:8<949::AID-JOB64>3.0.CO;2-F
  48. Dik, B. J., Eldridge, B. M., and Steger, M. F., "Development of the calling and vocation questionnaire (CVQ)", In meetings of the American Psychological Association, Boston, Aug 2008.
  49. Shim, Y., and Yoo, S. K., "Development and validation of the Korean version of the calling and vocation questionnaire (CVQ-K)", The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 24(4), 2012, pp.847-872.
  50. Bass, B. M., and Avolio, B. J., "Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire - Short Form 6S", Center for Leadership Studies, Binghamton, 1992.
  51. Lee, Y. C., "A study on the effect of transformational leadership on enhancing combat sapabilities in the army: Focused on moderating effect of combat unit's style and size", Ph.D. Thesis, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Aug 2018.
  52. Kim, S. H., "A study on relationships among the stressful events, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological wellbeing", Unpublished Master's Thesis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 2004.
  53. Song, S. H., "Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the posttraumatic growth inventory", Master's Thesis, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Feb 2007.
  54. Hayes, A. F., "Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach", Guilford Press, New York, 2013.
  55. Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., and Hayes, A. F., "Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions", Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 2007, pp.185-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273170701341316
  56. Aiken, L. S., and West, S. G., "Multiple regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions", Sage Publications, Newbury Park, 1991.
  57. Bae, B. R., "The Moderating Effect and Mediating Effect Analysis", Chungram, Seoul, 2015.
  58. Park, C. L., "Making sense of the meaning literature: an integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events", Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 2010, pp.257-301. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018301