Acknowledgement
This research was supported by Basic Science research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of education (NRF-2019R1A2C3009517) (NRF-2019R1A2C1008633).
References
- Badin, P.M., Langin, D., and Moro, C. (2013). Dynamics of skeletal muscle lipid pools. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 24, 607-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2013.08.001
- Bowman, T.A., O'Keeffe, K.R., D'Aquila, T., Yan, Q.W., Griffin, J.D., Killion, E.A., Salter, D.M., Mashek, D.G., Buhman, K.K., and Greenberg, A.S. (2016). Acyl CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) ablation in mice increases energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity and delays fat absorption. Mol. Metab. 5, 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2016.01.001
- Bruce, C.R., Hoy, A.J., Turner, N., Watt, M.J., Allen, T.L., Carpenter, K., Cooney, G.J., Febbraio, M.A., and Kraegen, E.W. (2009). Overexpression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in skeletal muscle is sufficient to enhance fatty acid oxidation and improve high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 58, 550-558. https://doi.org/10.2337/db08-1078
- Bu, S.Y., Mashek, M.T., and Mashek, D.G. (2009). Suppression of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 decreases hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis through decreased transcriptional activity. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 30474-30483. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.036665
- Chaurasia, B. and Summers, S.A. (2015). Ceramides - lipotoxic inducers of metabolic disorders. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 26, 538-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.006
- Coll, T., Eyre, E., Rodriguez-Calvo, R., Palomer, X., Sanchez, R.M., Merlos, M., Laguna, J.C., and Vazquez-Carrera, M. (2008). Oleate reverses palmitate-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in skeletal muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 11107-11116. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M708700200
- Cooper, D.E., Young, P.A., Klett, E.L., and Coleman, R.A. (2015). Physiological consequences of compartmentalized acyl-CoA metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 20023-20031. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R115.663260
- Czech, M.P. (2017). Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat. Med. 23, 804-814. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4350
- Ellis, J.M., Li, L.O., Wu, P.C., Koves, T.R., Ilkayeva, O., Stevens, R.D., Watkins, S.M., Muoio, D.M., and Coleman, R.A. (2010). Adipose acyl-CoA synthetase-1 directs fatty acids toward beta-oxidation and is required for cold thermogenesis. Cell Metab. 12, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2010.05.012
- Gargiulo, C.E., Stuhlsatz-Krouper, S.M., and Schaffer, J.E. (1999). Localization of adipocyte long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase at the plasma membrane. J. Lipid Res. 40, 881-892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32123-4
- Grevengoed, T.J., Cooper, D.E., Young, P.A., Ellis, J.M., and Coleman, R.A. (2015). Loss of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 1 impairs cardiac autophagy and mitochondrial structure through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activation. FASEB J. 29, 4641-4653. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.15-272732
- Henique, C., Mansouri, A., Fumey, G., Lenoir, V., Girard, J., Bouillaud, F., Prip-Buus, C., and Cohen, I. (2010). Increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is sufficient to protect skeletal muscle cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 36818-36827. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.170431
- Kelley, D.E. and Mandarino, L.J. (2000). Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination. Diabetes 49, 677-683. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.49.5.677
- Koo, Y.D., Choi, J.W., Kim, M., Chae, S., Ahn, B.Y., Kim, M., Oh, B.C., Hwang, D., Seol, J.H., Kim, Y.B., et al. (2015). SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2) is an important regulator of fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Diabetes 64, 2420-2431. https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-0115
- Koves, T.R., Ussher, J.R., Noland, R.C., Slentz, D., Mosedale, M., Ilkayeva, O., Bain, J., Stevens, R., Dyck, J.R., Newgard, C.B., et al. (2008). Mitochondrial overload and incomplete fatty acid oxidation contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 7, 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2007.10.013
- Li, L.O., Ellis, J.M., Paich, H.A., Wang, S., Gong, N., Altshuller, G., Thresher, R.J., Koves, T.R., Watkins, S.M., Muoio, D.M., et al. (2009). Liver-specific loss of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1 decreases triacylglycerol synthesis and beta-oxidation and alters phospholipid fatty acid composition. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 27816-27826. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.022467
- Li, L.O., Grevengoed, T.J., Paul, D.S., Ilkayeva, O., Koves, T.R., Pascual, F., Newgard, C.B., Muoio, D.M., and Coleman, R.A. (2015). Compartmentalized acyl-CoA metabolism in skeletal muscle regulates systemic glucose homeostasis. Diabetes 64, 23-35. https://doi.org/10.2337/db13-1070
- Li, L.O., Mashek, D.G., An, J., Doughman, S.D., Newgard, C.B., and Coleman, R.A. (2006). Overexpression of rat long chain acyl-coa synthetase 1 alters fatty acid metabolism in rat primary hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 37246-37255. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M604427200
- Listenberger, L.L., Han, X., Lewis, S.E., Cases, S., Farese, R.V., Jr., Ory, D.S., and Schaffer, J.E. (2003). Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 3077-3082. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0630588100
- Mannaerts, G.P., Van Veldhoven, P., Van Broekhoven, A., Vandebroek, G., and Debeer, L.J. (1982). Evidence that peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetase is located at the cytoplasmic side of the peroxisomal membrane. Biochem. J. 204, 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2040017
- Mashek, D.G., Li, L.O., and Coleman, R.A. (2006). Rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase mRNA, protein, and activity vary in tissue distribution and in response to diet. J. Lipid Res. 47, 2004-2010. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M600150-JLR200
- Palomer, X., Pizarro-Delgado, J., Barroso, E., and Vazquez-Carrera, M. (2018). Palmitic and oleic acid: the yin and yang of fatty acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 29, 178-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.009
- Parkes, H.A., Preston, E., Wilks, D., Ballesteros, M., Carpenter, L., Wood, L., Kraegen, E.W., Furler, S.M., and Cooney, G.J. (2006). Overexpression of acyl-CoA synthetase-1 increases lipid deposition in hepatic (HepG2) cells and rodent liver in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 291, E737-E744. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00112.2006
- Sebastian, D., Guitart, M., Garcia-Martinez, C., Mauvezin, C., Orellana-Gavalda, J.M., Serra, D., Gomez-Foix, A.M., Hegardt, F.G., and Asins, G. (2009). Novel role of FATP1 in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle cells. J. Lipid Res. 50, 1789-1799. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M800535-JLR200
- Sebastian, D., Herrero, L., Serra, D., Asins, G., and Hegardt, F.G. (2007). CPT I overexpression protects L6E9 muscle cells from fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 292, E677-E686. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00360.2006
- Soupene, E. and Kuypers, F.A. (2006). Multiple erythroid isoforms of human long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases are produced by switch of the fatty acid gate domains. BMC Mol. Biol. 7, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2199-7-21
- Soupene, E. and Kuypers, F.A. (2008). Mammalian long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 233, 507-521. https://doi.org/10.3181/0710-MR-287
- Teodoro, B.G., Sampaio, I.H., Bomfim, L.H., Queiroz, A.L., Silveira, L.R., Souza, A.O., Fernandes, A.M., Eberlin, M.N., Huang, T.Y., Zheng, D., et al. (2017). Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 6 regulates lipid synthesis and mitochondrial oxidative capacity in human and rat skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. 595, 677-693. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP272962
- Young, P.A., Senkal, C.E., Suchanek, A.L., Grevengoed, T.J., Lin, D.D., Zhao, L., Crunk, A.E., Klett, E.L., Fullekrug, J., Obeid, L.M., et al. (2018). Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 interacts with key proteins that activate and direct fatty acids into niche hepatic pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 293, 16724-16740. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.004049
- Zhan, T., Poppelreuther, M., Ehehalt, R., and Fullekrug, J. (2012). Overexpressed FATP1, ACSVL4/FATP4 and ACSL1 increase the cellular fatty acid uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes but are localized on intracellular membranes. PLoS One 7, e45087. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045087
- Zhao, L., Pascual, F., Bacudio, L., Suchanek, A.L., Young, P.A., Li, L.O., Martin, S.A., Camporez, J.P., Perry, R.J., Shulman, G.I., et al. (2019). Defective fatty acid oxidation in mice with muscle-specific acyl-CoA synthetase 1 deficiency increases amino acid use and impairs muscle function. J. Biol. Chem. 294, 8819-8833. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.006790
- Zhao, Z., Abbas Raza, S.H., Tian, H., Shi, B., Luo, Y., Wang, J., Liu, X., Li, S., Bai, Y., and Hu, J. (2020). Effects of overexpression of ACSL1 gene on the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in adipocytes of bovine. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 695, 108648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2020.108648