Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
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Experimental Study on Flow Direction of Fire Smoke in DC Electric Fields

DC 전기장 내에서 발생하는 화재연기 진행 방향에 대한 실험적 연구

  • Park, Juwon (Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University) ;
  • Kim, Youngmin (Division of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University) ;
  • Seong, Seung Hun (Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University) ;
  • Park, Sanghwan (Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University) ;
  • Kim, Ji Hwan (Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University) ;
  • Chung, Yongho (State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China) ;
  • Yoon, Sung Hwan (Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime & Ocean University)
  • 박주원 (한국해양대학교 기관시스템공학과) ;
  • 김영민 (한국해양대학교 기관공학부) ;
  • 성승헌 (한국해양대학교 기관시스템공학부) ;
  • 박상환 (한국해양대학교 기관시스템공학부) ;
  • 김지환 (한국해양대학교 기관시스템공학부) ;
  • 정용호 (중국과학기술대학교 소방과학원) ;
  • 윤성환 (한국해양대학교 해양인공지능융합전공)
  • Received : 2021.07.08
  • Accepted : 2021.08.27
  • Published : 2021.08.31
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Abstract

Fire accidents on land and at sea can cause serious casualties; specifically, owing to the nature of marine plants and ships, the mortality rate at sea from suffocation in confined spaces is significantly higher than that on land. To prevent such cases of asphyxiation, it is essential to install ventilation fans that can outwardly direct these toxic gases from fires; however, considering the scale of marine fires, the installation of large ventilation fans is not easy owing to the nature of marine structures. Therefore, in this study, we developed a new concept for fire safety technology to control toxic gases generated by fires from applied direct current (DC) electric fields. In the event of a fire, most flames contain large numbers of positive and negative charges from chemi-ionization, which generates an "ionic wind" by Lorentz forces through the applied electric fields. Using these ionic winds, an experimental study was performed to artificially control the fire smoke caused by burning paper and styrofoam, which are commonly used as insulation materials in general buildings and ships. The experiments showed that a fire smoke could be artificially controlled by applying a DC voltage in excess of ±5 kV and that relatively effective control was possible by applying a negative voltage rather than a positive voltage.

육상 및 해상에서의 화재 사고는 심각한 인명피해를 발생시키며 특히 해양 플랜트 및 선박의 특성 상 밀폐공간으로 인한 질식사고 사망률이 육상보다 현저히 높다. 이러한 질식사고를 예방하기 위하여 화재에서 발생하는 유독가스를 외부로 배출할 수 있는 환기용 팬의 설치가 필수적이나, 해양화재의 규모를 고려하였을 때 대형 환기용 팬의 설치는 해양 구조물 특성 상 용이하지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 DC 전기장을 인가하여 화재 유독가스를 제어하는 새로운 개념의 소방기술을 개발하고자 한다. 화재 발생 시 대부분의 화염은 화학 이온화로 인해 양전하와 음전하를 다수 함유하고 있고, 이때 전기장을 인가하게 되면 로렌츠 힘에 의해 "이온풍"이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 이온풍을 활용하여 일반건축물과 선박의 단열재로 많이 사용되는 종이와 스티로폼을 연소하여 발생되는 화재연기를 인위적으로 제어하는 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험 결과, ± 5 kV 이상의 직류전압을 인가하였을 때 화재연기를 인위적으로 제어할 수 있었고, 양전압보다 음전압을 인가하였을 때 상대적으로 효과적인 제어가 가능하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2018년도 과학기술정보통신부의 재원으로 한국연구재단 생애 첫 연구 사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(No. 2018R1C1B5086432).

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