참고문헌
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 21]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int.
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): schools [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 21]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-schools.
- Betz CL. COVID-19 and school return: the need and necessity. J Pediatr Nurs 2020;54:A7-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.07.015
- World Health Organization. Considerations for school-related public health measures in the context of COVID-19 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 21]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/considerations-for-school-related-public-health-measures-inthe-context-of-covid-19.
- Monto AS. The risk of seasonal and pandemic influenza: prospects for control. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48 Suppl 1:S20-5. https://doi.org/10.1086/591853
- Litvinova M, Liu QH, Kulikov ES, Ajelli M. Reactive school closure weakens the network of social interactions and reduces the spread of influenza. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019;116:13174-81. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821298116
- Cauchemez S, Ferguson NM, Wachtel C, Tegnell A, Saour G, Duncan B, et al. Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic. Lancet Infect Dis 2009;9:473-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70176-8
- Viner RM, Russell SJ, Croker H, Packer J, Ward J, Stansfield C, et al. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020;4:397-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X
- Ferguson NM, Laydon D, Nedjati-Gilani G, Imai N, Ainslie K, Baguelin M, et al. Report 9: impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand [Internet]. London: Imperial College London; 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 21]. Available from: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-9-impact-of-npis-on-covid-19.
- Kim S, Kim YJ, Peck KR, Jung E. School opening delay effect on transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea: based on mathematical modeling and simulation study. J Korean Med Sci 2020;35:e143. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e143
- Rice K, Wynne B, Martin V, Ackland GJ. Effect of school closures on mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: old and new predictions. BMJ 2020;371:m3588.
- Moghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Sah P, Pandey A, Shoukat A, Singer BH, et al. The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020;117:17513-5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008373117
- Yuan P, Aruffo E, Ogden N, Tan Y, Gatov E, Gournis E, et al. School and community reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mathematical modeling study. medRxiv, in press 2021.
- Xu W, Li X, Dozier M, He Y, Kirolos A, Lang Z, et al. What is the evidence for transmission of COVID-19 by children in schools? A living systematic review. J Glob Health 2020;10:021104. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.021104
- Heavey L, Casey G, Kelly C, Kelly D, McDarby G. No evidence of secondary transmission of COVID-19 from children attending school in Ireland, 2020. Euro Surveill 2020;25:2000903.
- Ehrhardt J, Ekinci A, Krehl H, Meincke M, Finci I, Klein J, et al. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in children aged 0 to 19 years in childcare facilities and schools after their reopening in May 2020, BadenWurttemberg, Germany. Euro Surveill 2020;25:2001587.
- Gras-Le Guen C, Cohen R, Rozenberg J, Launay E, Levy-Bruhl D, Delacourt C. Reopening schools in the context of increasing COVID-19 community transmission: The French experience. Arch Pediatr 2021;28:178-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2021.02.001
- Smith-Norowitz TA, Hammerschlag MR, Kohlhoff S. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates in a private school in Brooklyn, New York. Acta Paediatr 2021;110:1569-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15786
- Larosa E, Djuric O, Cassinadri M, Cilloni S, Bisaccia E, Vicentini M, et al. Secondary transmission of COVID-19 in preschool and school settings in northern Italy after their reopening in September 2020: a population-based study. Euro Surveill 2020;25:2001911.
- Stein-Zamir C, Abramson N, Shoob H, Libal E, Bitan M, Cardash T, et al. A large COVID-19 outbreak in a high school 10 days after schools' reopening, Israel, May 2020. Euro Surveill 2020;25:2001352.
- Brandal LT, Ofitserova TS, Meijerink H, Rykkvin R, Lund HM, Hungnes O, et al. Minimal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from paediatric COVID-19 cases in primary schools, Norway, August to November 2020. Euro Surveill 2021;26:2002011.
- Macartney K, Quinn HE, Pillsbury AJ, Koirala A, Deng L, Winkler N, et al. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Australian educational settings: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020;4:807-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30251-0
- Torres JP, Pinera C, De La Maza V, Lagomarcino AJ, Simian D, Torres B, et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in blood in a large school community subject to a Covid-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis 2021;73:e458-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa955
- Fong MW, Cowling BJ, Leung GM, Wu P. Letter to the editor: COVID-19 cases among school-aged children and school-based measures in Hong Kong, July 2020. Euro Surveill 2020;25:2001671.
- Yoon Y, Kim KR, Park H, Kim S, Kim YJ. Stepwise school opening and an impact on the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the children. J Korean Med Sci 2020;35:e414. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e414
- Kim EY, Ryu B, Kim EK, Park YJ, Choe YJ, Park HK, et al. Children with COVID-19 after reopening of schools, South Korea. Pediatr Infect Vaccine 2020;27:180-3. https://doi.org/10.14776/piv.2020.27.e23
- Raucci U, Musolino AM, Di Lallo D, Piga S, Barbieri MA, Pisani M, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Emergency Department of a tertiary children's hospital. Ital J Pediatr 2021;47:21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-00976-y
- Gonzalez Garcia LG, Rodriguez Manchon S, Mata Zubillaga D, Garcia Aparicio C, Laso Alonso AE, Corral Hospital S, et al. Impact on admittance of children on Emergency Department of a regional hospital from north of Spain during the COVID-19 State of Alarm. Pediatr Emerg Care 2021;37:e64-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000002308
- Bram JT, Johnson MA, Magee LC, Mehta NN, Fazal FZ, Baldwin KD, et al. Where have all the fractures gone? The epidemiology of pediatric fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pediatr Orthop 2020;40:373-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000001600
- Choi DH, Jung JY, Suh D, Choi JY, Lee SU, Choi YJ, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on trends in emergency department utilization in children: a multicenter retrospective observational study in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021;36:e44. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e44
- Jang KM, Ahn JY, Choi HJ, Lee S, Kim D, Lee DW, et al. Pediatric Emergency Department utilization and coronavirus disease in Daegu, Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021;36:e11. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e11
- Jenssen BP, Kelly MK, Powell M, Bouchelle Z, Mayne SL, Fiks AG. COVID-19 and changes in child obesity. Pediatrics 2021;147:e2021050123. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-050123
- Chambonniere C, Lambert C, Fearnbach N, Tardieu M, Fillon A, Genin P, et al. Effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity and sedentary behaviors in French children and adolescents: new results from the ONAPS national survey. Eur J Integr Med 2021;43:101308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101308
- Kang HM, Jeong DC, Suh BK, Ahn MB. The impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic on childhood obesity and vitamin D status. J Korean Med Sci 2021;36:e21. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e21
- Bahn GH. Coronavirus disease 2019, school closures, and children's mental health. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020;31:74-9. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.200010
- Saito M, Kikuchi Y, Lefor AK, Hoshina M. Mental health in Japanese children during school closures due to the COVID-19. Pediatr Int, in press 2021.
- Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, Abdul Rahim K, Das JK, Salam RA, et al. Mental health of children and adolescents amidst COVID-19 and past pandemics: a rapid systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:3432 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073432
- Ministry of Education. MOE's makes an announcement on nationwide school reopening [Internet]. Sejong: Ministry of Education; 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 21]. Available from: http://english.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=265&boardSeq=80595&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=C&page=2&s=english&m=0301&opType=N.
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Updates on COVID-19 in Republic of Korea (as of 23 March) [Internet]. Cheongju: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 23]. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/en/tcmBoardView.do?brdId=12&brdGubun=125&dataGubun=&ncvContSeq=5015&.
- Lewis D. What new COVID variants mean for schools is not yet clear. Nature 2021;589:503. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00139-3
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. COVID-19 in children and the role of school settings in transmission - first update. Solna: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2020.
- UNESCO. School closures caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) [Internet]. Paris: UNESCO; 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 21]. Available from: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse.