Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering (한국정보통신학회논문지)

The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation Engineering (한국정보통신학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Size Perception Analysis on Smartphone-based Immersive Virtual Environment

스마트폰 기반 몰입형 가상 환경에서의 크기 인지 분석

  • Kim, Nam-Gyu (Division of Creative Software Engineering, Dong-Eui University)
  • Received : 2021.06.29
  • Accepted : 2021.07.11
  • Published : 2021.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Participants in the virtual environment will have an immersive and memorable perceived experience through interacting with virtual objects. Recently, commercial virtual reality technologies have released simple and cost-effective smartphone-based head-mounted displays (HMD) and high-quality wide field-of-view (FOV) HMDs. However, due to the vergence-accommodation conflict structure of HMD and the learned cognition mechanism in real, side effects such as dizziness and nausea remain challenging to overcome. This study focuses on consistent size perception among various cognitive difference factors, which are essential for interaction with virtual objects. We verified whether the visual angle, which affects the size perception of an object in real, is also the main factor in the virtual environment. Our experiments derived the relation between the visual angle and the environmental components, shadow, and grid, which help perceive a virtual object. As a result of the regression analysis, we presented that in the small FOV HMD environment, the visual angle affects size perception, and the relation between the shadow and the grid is statistically significant.

가상 환경 속의 참여자는 가상 객체와의 상호작용을 통해 실제와는 다른 몰입감과 인지적 경험을 하게 된다. 최근에는 누구나 쉽고 저렴하게 가상 환경을 경험할 수 있는 스마트폰 기반의 머리 착용형 디스플레이(HMD)들과 광시야각의 고품질 HMD들도 폭넓게 상용화되고 있다. 하지만, HMD의 근본적 수렴-초점조절 불일치 구조와 현실 세계에서 학습된 인지 차이로 인한 어지러움, 메스꺼움 등의 부작용은 여전히 극복해야 할 문제로 남아 있다. 본 연구는 여러 인지 차이 요인 중 가상 객체와의 상호작용에 중요한 일관된 크기 인지에 초점을 두고 있다. 실제 환경에서 물체의 크기 인지에 영향을 주는 시각도가 가상 환경에서도 주된 요인인지 검증하고, 그 시각도와 가상 객체 크기 인지에 도움을 주는 환경 구성 요소인 그림자와 격자 표현과의 관계를 분석한다. 회귀 분석 결과 시야각이 작은 HMD 환경에서 시각도는 크기 인지에 영향을 미치며, 그림자와 격자 표현도 크기 인지와 유의미한 결과를 얻었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This Work was supported by Dong-eui University Foundation Grant(2017~2018)

References

  1. U. Y. Yang and K. H. Kim, "Trends of VR/AR Wearable Display Technology," Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 13-22, Aug. 2016.
  2. Y. J. Choi, T. W. Kim, and M. Hong, "VR/AR Devices Technology Trend," TTA Journal, vol. 185, pp. 33-41, Sep. 2019.
  3. C. Heeter, "Being There: The Subjective Experience of Presence," Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 262-271, Jan. 1992. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.2.262
  4. H. J. Kim, J. H. Lee, J. Y. Oh, H. J. Lee, and J. H. Park, "Simulator sickness in differences between HMD display distance and IPD," in Proceedings of Korea HCI conference, pp. 253-256, 2018.
  5. H. J. Lee and D. H. Chung, "Influence of Virtual Reality Image Depth on Users Perceived Characteristics, Presence, and Fatigue," Korean Journal of Broadcasting and Telecommunication Studies, vol. 33, no. 2, Mar. 2019.
  6. H. S. Oh, "Predicting the Level of Cybersickness via Spatiotemporal Perceptual Features Extracted from Virtual Reality Content," Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 45-53, Nov. 2020. https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2020.57.11.45
  7. HTC VIVE Developers Guides and SDKs [Internet]. Available: https://developer.vive.com.
  8. Developer Document and SDKs for Oculus Product Series [Internet]. Available: https://developer.oculus.com.
  9. J. P. Rolland, W. Gibson, and D. Ariely, "Towards quantifying depth and size perception in virtual environments," Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 24-49, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1995.4.1.24
  10. S. Masnadi, K. P. Pfeil, J. T. Sera-Josef, and J. J. Laviola, "Field of View Effect on Distance Perception in Virtual Reality," in Proceeding of the 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, pp. 542-543, Apr. 2021.
  11. R. L. Hornsey, P. B. Hibbard, and P. Scarfe, "Size and shape constancy in consumer virtual reality," Behavior Research Methods, vol. 52, pp. 1587-1598, May. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01336-9
  12. I. P. Howard, "Perceiving in Depth," Oxford Univ. Express, vol. 3, pp. 125-136, 2012.
  13. E. Kruijff, J. E. Swan, and S. Feiner, "Perceptual issues in augmented reality revisited," in Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 3-12, 2010
  14. J. Y. Kim and V. Interrante, "Dwarf or Giant: The Influence of Interpupillary Distance and Eye Height on Size Perception in Virtual Environments," in Proceedings of International Conference on AR and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on VE, pp. 153-160, 2017.
  15. N. Ogawa, T. Narumi, and M. Hirose, "Object Size Perception in Immersive Virtual Reality: Avatar Realism Affects the Way We Perceive," in Proceedings of 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, pp. 647-648, 2018.
  16. K. S. Shin, H. W. Kim, J. G. Lee, and D. S. Jo, "Exploring the Effects of Scale and Color Differences on Users' Perception for Everyday Mixed Reality (MR) Experience: Toward Comparative Analysis Using MR Devices," Electronics, vol. 9, no. 10, 2020.
  17. Y. J. Kim, "Comparison of the Size of objects in the Virtual Reality Space and real space," Cartoon and Animation Studies, pp. 383-398, Dec. 2017.
  18. J. H. Park and E. Y. Choi, "Study on Influence of VR Visual Cognitive Factors on VR Contents cognition and Presence," Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 985-992, Jul. 2018. https://doi.org/10.6109/JKIICE.2018.22.7.985