Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics

The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry (대한치과보존학회)
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Errors in light-emitting diodes positioning when curing bulk fill and incremental composites: impact on properties after aging

  • Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad (Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry) ;
  • Isadora M. Garcia (Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry) ;
  • Haifa Maktabi (Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry) ;
  • Maria Salem Ibrahim (Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry) ;
  • Qoot Alkhubaizi (Advanced Education in General Dentistry Division, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry) ;
  • Howard Strassler (Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry) ;
  • Fabricio M. Collares (Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) ;
  • Mary Anne S. Melo (Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry)
  • Received : 2021.01.11
  • Accepted : 2021.06.15
  • Published : 2021.11.30
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Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of improper positioning single-peak and multi-peak lights on color change, microhardness of bottom and top, and surface topography of bulk fill and incremental composites after artificial aging for 1 year. Materials and Methods: Bulk fill and incremental composites were cured using multi-peak and single-peak light-emitting diode (LED) following 4 clinical conditions: (1) optimal condition (no angulation or tip displacement), (2) tip-displacement (2 mm), (3) slight tip angulation (α = 20°) and (4) moderate tip angulation (α = 35°). After 1-year of water aging, the specimens were analyzed for color changes (ΔE), Vickers hardness, surface topography (Ra, Rt, and Rv), and scanning electron microscopy. Results: For samples cured by single-peak LED, the improper positioning significantly increases the color change compared to the optimal position regardless of the type of composite (p < 0.001). For multi-peak LED, the type of resin composite and the curing condition displayed a significant effect on ΔE (p < 0.001). For both LEDs, the Vickers hardness and bottom/top ratio of Vickers hardness were affected by the type of composite and the curing condition (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The bulk fill composite presented greater resistance to wear, higher color stability, and better microhardness than the incremental composite when subjected to improper curing. The multi-peak LED improves curing under improper conditions compared to single-peak LED. Prevention of errors when curing composites requires the attention of all personnel involved in the patient's care once the clinical relevance of the appropriate polymerization reflects on reliable long-term outcomes.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

AAB and MSI acknowledge the scholarship during their Ph.D. studies from the Imam AbdulRahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, and the Saudi Arabia Cultural Mission. IMG acknowledge the scholarship during their Ph.D. studies from the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001 - scholarship.

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