한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제 (Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue)

한국문화및사회문제심리학회 (Korean Psychological Association of Culture and Social Issues)
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성폭력 피해에 대한 조직배반과 우울의 관계: 외상 후 인지의 매개효과

Institutional Betrayal to Sexual Victimization and Depression: The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Cognitions

  • 투고 : 2020.10.20
  • 심사 : 2020.12.21
  • 발행 : 2021.02.28
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초록

자신이 신뢰하는 대상에게 성폭력 피해 경험을 이야기했을 때 받게 되는 부정적인 반응은 상대방에 대한 믿음이 깨지는 배반외상 경험이 될 수 있으며, 이는 자신과 세상에 대한 부정적인 인지를 형성하고 우울로 이어질 수 있다. 기존의 연구들에서는 가족, 친구, 지인 등의 비공식적 주체가 보이는 사회적 반응에 대한 연구가 주로 이루어졌다. 그러나 개인은 생존, 안전, 생계, 교육 등의 다양한 이유로 자신이 속해있는 조직을 신뢰하고 의지하게 되며, 조직이 개인의 성폭력 피해에 대해 보이는 부정적인 반응인 조직배반(institutional betrayal) 역시 조직이 자신을 보호해줄 것이라는 믿음이 배반되는 외상 경험이 되어 외상 후 인지 및 우울과 연관될 수 있다. 그러나 조직배반이 우울로 이어지는 구체적인 기제를 밝히는 연구는 아직 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 외상 후 증상을 이해하고 치료하는 대표적인 접근 중 하나인 인지행동이론에 기반하여, 조직배반이 우울로 이어지는 경로를 외상 후 인지가 매개하는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 성폭력 피해에 대해 조직배반을 경험한 여성 462명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 구조 모형을 검증하였다. 그 결과 조직배반은 우울에 직접적으로는 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, 자신에 대한 부정적 인지와 세상에 대한 부정적 인지를 통해서 간접적으로 우울에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 성폭력 피해에 대해 조직배반을 경험한 사람들이 자신과 세상에 대해 가지고 있는 부정적인 인지를 확인하고 다루는 것이 이들의 우울을 예방하거나 치료하는 데 있어서 중요함을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의와 제한점 그리고 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

Many survivors of sexual violence disclose their experience to others. When they receive negative social reactions, this can be a traumatic event for the survivor where their trust towards others is violated and can cause posttraumatic cognitions and depression. Likewise, institutional betrayal, or negative reactions from trusted institutions regarding the disclosure of sexual victimization can be a traumatic event for the survivor and is associated with depression as well. However, studies investigating the mechanism underlying the relationship between institutional betrayal and depression is yet limited. Therefore, based on cognitive behavioral theory (CBT), which is known as the most effective approach to date for understanding and treating posttraumatic symptoms, this study examined if posttraumatic cognitions mediate the relationship between institutional betrayal and depression. Questionnaires were administered to 462 women who had experienced institutional betrayal to their sexual victimization. Results showed that institutional betrayal had an effect on depression only through negative cognitions about the self and world. This suggests the importance of identifying and treating trauma-related cognitions in order to prevent or cure depression of those who had experienced institutional betrayal to their sexual victimization. Limitations and implications of this study are also discussed.

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