Korean Journal of School Psychology (한국심리학회지:학교)

Korean School Psychology Association (학교심리학회)
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Factors that Help and Hinder South Korean Teachers' Bereavement Following Student Suicide: A Concept-Mapping Approach

학생 자살 후 교사의 애도 경험에 관한 개념도 연구: 어려움 및 도움 요인

  • Received : 2021.03.12
  • Accepted : 2021.04.28
  • Published : 2021.04.30
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Abstract

This study aimed to identify the factors that helped and hindered secondary school teachers who experienced student suicide using the concept-mapping approach. Seven South Korean middle and high school teachers were interviewed from which 113 core statements were elicited. The participants sorted these core statements into categories by meaning. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were conducted to identify the underlying structure of the teachers' experiences. Four hindering factor clusters emerged: (1) regret over failing to prevent the suicide, (2) an apathetic atmosphere in the school, (3) a sense of helplessness related to suicide survivors, and (4) approach-avoidance conflicts related to suicide survivors. Six helpful factor clusters emerged: (1) cooperation and care offered between suicide survivors, (2) focusing on the present, busy life, (3) spiritual activity, (4) social support, (5) overcoming grief through altruistic behaviors, and (6) sympathy for the deceased. Two dimensions were found for both the hindering and helpful factors. The hindering factor dimensions were external system-internal experiences and related to suicide survivors-related to suicide decedents. The helpful factor dimensions were distancing from the loss-approaching the loss and professional activities-personal activities. The present study empirically explored and described the underlying structure of teachers' bereavement experiences after student suicides.

본 연구는 학생의 자살 이후, 중·고등학교 교사들이 상실에 대처하는 과정에서 어떤 어려움과 도움 요소를 경험하는지 개념도 방법을 활용하여 확인하였다. 이를 위해 학생의 자살을 경험한 중·고등학교 교사 7명을 대상으로 개별 면접을 시행하였고, 진술 내용을 기초로 총 113개의 핵심 문장을 추출하였다. 이 문장들은 참여자들에 의해 비슷한 의미를 가진 것끼리 분류되었으며, 이를 바탕으로 다차원척도분석과 군집분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 교사들의 애도 과정에서의 어려움 요인은 '자살사별자 관련 및 자살 학생 관련' 축과 '외부시스템 및 내적 경험' 축의 2차원으로 구조화되었으며, 총 4개의 군집으로 분류되었다. 각각의 군집은 '자살을 예방하지 못한 후회,' '자살 사건에 대한 학교의 무관심,' '자살사별자 관련 무력감,' '자살사별자 관련 접근-회피 갈등'으로 명명되었다. 교사들의 적응과정에서 도움 요인은 '직업적 활동 및 개인적 활동' 축과 '상실 경험 분리 및 상실 경험 밀착' 축의 2차원으로 구조화되었고, 총 6개의 군집으로 나타났다. 각각의 군집은 '자살사별자 간 협조와 보살핌,' '바쁜 일상과 현재에 집중,' '영성 활동,' '사회적 지지,' '이타적 행동을 통한 애도,' '고인에 대한 연민'으로 명명되었다. 본 연구는 그동안 관심을 받지 못했던 교사 집단의 학생 상실 경험을 조명하고, 이들이 애도 과정에서 경험하는 어려움 요인과 도움 요인의 개념적 구조를 당사자의 관점에서 생생하게 규명하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

Keywords

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