Iberoamérica (이베로아메리카)

Latin America Knowledge Information Service (부산외국어대학교 중남미지역원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Automation of Tasks and Knowledge-Intensive Services: A Sectorial Approach to the Impact of Covid 19 in Argentina

  • Martinez, Ricardo Gabriel (Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Economicas. Departamento de Economia. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economia Politica de Buenos Aires) ;
  • Leone, Julian Gabriel (Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Economicas. Departamento de Economia. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economia Politica de Buenos Aires) ;
  • Repeti, Juan Manuel Rodriguez (Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Economicas. Departamento de Economia. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economia Politica de Buenos Aires)
  • Received : 2021.10.14
  • Accepted : 2021.12.22
  • Published : 2021.12.28
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The covid 19 pandemic led to an economic collapse and multiple impacts upon Argentina's labour dynamics. As well as in other parts of the region, falls in employment rates (both due to an increase in unemployment and significant withdrawals from the labour force) were combined with wage reductions for those who were able to keep their jobs. Thus, two important processes for the labour market complimented each other: a structural shock associated with a tasks automation as a reorganisation and substitution of factors, with a cyclical recession caused by the pandemic. The international experience shows the amplifying impact the latter has on the former, generating long-term consequences mainly in routine-intensive jobs. However, the knowledge-intensive services sector appears to be the most capable of cushioning the recessionary shock (both in terms of wages and labour absorption), even with nuances within the sector depending on the extent of the shutdown measures and its capability to switch to remote work. Finally, the task approach is decisive in capturing the ability to adapt both the cyclical and structural processes, absorbing a large part of the explanatory potential that sectoral classifications tend to bring about.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Paula Maliniauskas & Bautista Bassi (fellow research assistants).

References

  1. Acemoglu, D.(2020), Remaking the Post-COVID World. Sixth Richard Goode Lecture.
  2. Acemoglu, D., & Autor, D.(2011), "Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings", In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol.4, pp.1043-1171. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(11)02410-5
  3. Amara, N., Landry, R., & Doloreux, D.(2009), "Patterns of innovation in knowledge-intensive business services", The Service Industries Journal, Vol.29, No.4, pp.407-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060802307847
  4. Autor, D. H., & Handel, M. J.(2013), "Putting Tasks to the Test: Human Capital", Job Tasks, and Wages, Journal of Labor Economics, 31(S1), S59-S96. https://doi.org/10.1086/669332
  5. Autor, D. H., Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J.(2003), "The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.118, No.4, pp.1279-1333. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552801
  6. Bartik, A. W., Bertrand, M., Lin, F., Rothstein, J., & Unrath, M.(2020), Measuring the labor market at the onset of the COVID-19 crisis. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  7. Beccaria, L., Maurizio, R., Trombetta, M., & Vazquez, G.(2021), "Short-term income mobility in Latin America in the 2000s: Intensity and characteristics", Socio-Economic Review.
  8. Blit, J. (2020). "Automation and Reallocation: Will COVID-19 Usher in the Future of Work?", Canadian Public Policy, 46(S2), S192-S202, https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2020-065
  9. Chernoff, A. W., & Warman, C.(2020), COVID-19 and Implications for Automation', No. W27249. National Bureau of Economic Research [Online].
  10. Chicha Mejia, J. E. (2011), Definicion de los sectores economicos intensivos en conocimiento a partir de la clasificacion que hace la OCDE y el analisis del nivel de cualificacion de los trabajadores: Analisis para Catalunya.
  11. Consoli, D., & Elche-Hortelano, D.(2010), "Variety in the knowledge base of Knowledge Intensive Business Services", Research Policy, Vol.39, No.10, pp.1303-1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.08.005
  12. Corrocher, N., Cusmano, L., & Morrison, A.(2009), "Modes of innovation in knowledge-intensive business services evidence from Lombardy", Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol.19, No.2, pp.173-196, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-008-0128-2
  13. Cortes, G. M., & Forsythe, E.(2020), Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the CARES Act on Earnings and Inequality.
  14. Czifra, G., & Molnar, Z.(2020), Covid-19 and industry 4.0. Res. Pap. Fac. Mater. Sci. Technol. Slovak Univ. Technol, 28(46), pp.36-45. https://doi.org/10.2478/rput-2020-0005
  15. Doloreux, D., Amara, N., & Landry, R.(2008). "Mapping Regional and Sectoral Characteristics of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services: Evidence from the Province of Quebec (Canada)", Growth and Change, Vol.39, No.3, pp.464-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2008.00434.x
  16. Garcia-Quevedo, J., Mas-Verdu, F., & Montolio, D.(2013), "What types of firms acquire knowledge intensive services and from which suppliers?", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol.25, No.4, pp.473-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2013.774348
  17. Gotsch, M., Hipp, C., Gallego, J., & Rubalcaba, L.(2011), "Sectoral innovation watch: Knowledge intensive services sector", Europe INNOVA Sectoral Innovation Watch, for DG Enterprise and Industry, European Commission.
  18. Hershbein, B., & Kahn, L. B.(2018), "Do recessions accelerate routine-biased technological change? Evidence from vacancy postings", American Economic Review, Vol.108, No.7, pp.1737-1772. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20161570
  19. Hipp, C., & Grupp, H.(2005), "Innovation in the service sector: The demand for service-specific innovation measurement concepts and typologies", Research Policy, Vol.34, No.4, pp.517-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.03.002
  20. Jaimovich, N., & Siu, H. E.(2020), "Job polarization and jobless recoveries", Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.102, No.1, pp.129-147. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00875
  21. Kopytov, A., Roussanov, N., & Taschereau-Dumouchel, M.(2018), "Short-run pain, long-run gain? Recessions and technological transformation", Journal of Monetary Economics, 97, pp.29-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2018.05.011
  22. Kupets, O. (2006), Determinants of unemployment duration in Ukraine. Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol.34, No.2, pp.228-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2006.02.006
  23. Lopez, A. (2018). Los servicios basados en conocimiento:¿ Una oportunidad para la transformacion productiva en Argentina. Documento de Trabajo Del IIEP, 31.
  24. Lopez, A., & Niembro, A.(2019), La Heterogeneidad de los Servicios Intensivos en Conocimiento: El Caso de Argentina. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, Vol.14, No.4, pp.85-99. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-27242019000400085
  25. Lopez, A., & Ramos, A.(2018), El sector de software y servicios informaticos en la Argentina. Evolucion, Competitividad y Politicas Publicas. Argentina: Fundacion CECE. Recuperado De.
  26. Lopez, A., & Ramos, D.(2013), ¿ Pueden los servicios intensivos en conocimiento ser un nuevo motor de crecimiento en America Latina? Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad-CTS, Vol.8, No.24, pp.81-113.
  27. Martinez, R. G., Leone, J. G., & Rodriguez-Repeti, J. M.(2020), "Morfologia del empleo en las industrias de servicios intensivos en conocimiento. El caso de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires", Revista Escuela de Administracion de Negocios. https://doi.org/10.21158/01208160.n0.2020.2740
  28. Mendez Maya, A. S., de Hidalgo, N., & Figueroa, E. G.(2018), "Competitividad del comercio internacional de servicios intensivos en conocimiento de Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica y Brasil", Mercados y Negocios, 1(37).
  29. Meyer, T.(2007), India's specialisation in IT exports: Offshoring can't defy gravity. Research Notes.
  30. Miles, I., Kastrinos, N., Flanagan, K., Bilderbeek, R., Den Hertog, P., Huntink, W., & Bouman, M.(1995), Knowledge-Intensive Business Services: Users. Carriers and Sources of Innovation, EIMS Publication, 15.
  31. Rodriguez Repeti, J. M., & Marcel, L.(2021), "Mercado Laboral, Servicios Intensivos en Conocimiento y Genero: Analisis para el Caso Argentino". Journal of Technology Management &Amp; Innovation, Vol.16, No.3, pp.57-65. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242021000300057
  32. Schiliro, D. (2020), Towards digital globalization and the covid-19 challenge.
  33. Schnabl, E., & Zenker, A.(2013), Statistical classification of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) with NACE Rev. 2. Fraunhofer ISI Karlsruhe.
  34. Torrecillas, C., & Brandao Fischer, B.(2011), "How Attractive are Innovation Systems for Knowledge Intensive Services' FDI?: A Regional Perspective for Spain", Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, Vol.6, No.4, pp.45-59. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242011000400004
  35. UNCTAD (Ed.)(2018), Investment and new industrial policies. United Nations.
  36. Wood, P. 2002), Knowledge-intensive Services and Urban Innovativeness. Urban Studies, 39(5-6), pp.993-1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098022012841