참고문헌
- Alemdaroglu KB, Iltar S, Cimen O, Uysal M, Alagoz E, Atlihan D. Risk factors in redisplacement of distal radial fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:1224-30. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.G.00624
- Bae DS. Pediatric distal radius and forearm fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33:1911-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.10.013
- Hove LM, Brudvik C. Displaced paediatric fractures of the distal radius. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2008;128:55-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-007-0473-x
- Randsborg PH, Sivertsen EA. Distal radius fractures in children: substantial difference in stability between buckle and greenstick fractures. Acta Orthop. 2009;80:585-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453670903316850
- Edmonds EW, Capelo RM, Stearns P, Bastrom TP, Wallace CD, Newton PO. Predicting initial treatment failure of fiberglass casts in pediatric distal radius fractures: utility of the second metacarpal-radius angle. J Child Orthop. 2009;3:375-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11832-009-0198-1
- Malviya A, Tsintzas D, Mahawar K, Bache CE, Glithero PR. Gap index: a good predictor of failure of plaster cast in distal third radius fractures. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2007;16:48-52. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bpb.0000236232.57269.ec
- Abid A, Accadbled F, Kany J, de Gauzy JS, Darodes P, Cahuzac JP. Ulnar styloid fracture in children: a retrospective study of 46 cases. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2008;17:15-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPB.0b013e3282f3cacb
- Eberl R, Singer G, Schalamon J, Petnehazy T, Hoellwarth ME. Galeazzi lesions in children and adolescents: treatment and outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466:1705-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0268-6
- Alemdaroglu KB, Iltar S, Aydogan NH. 3-point index in redisplacement of distal radial fractures in children: how should it be used? J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34:964; author reply 964-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.02.024
- Jung HJ, Jung YB, Jang EC, et al. Transradioulnar single Kirschner-wire fixation versus conventional Kirschner-wire fixation for unstable fractures of both of the distal forearm bones in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27:867-72. https://doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0b013e31815a6020
- Blount WP. Forearm fractures in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1967;51:93-107.
- Cheng JC, Shen WY. Limb fracture pattern in different pediatric age groups: a study of 3,350 children. J Orthop Trauma. 1993;7:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199302000-00004
- Chess DG, Hyndman JC, Leahey JL, Brown DC, Sinclair AM. Short arm plaster cast for distal pediatric forearm fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14:211-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199403000-00015
- Mani GV, Hui PW, Cheng JC. Translation of the radius as a predictor of outcome in distal radial fractures of children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:808-11. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.75B5.8376446
- Proctor MT, Moore DJ, Paterson JM. Redisplacement after manipulation of distal radial fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:453-4. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.75B3.8496221
- Zamzam MM, Khoshhal KI. Displaced fracture of the distal radius in children: factors responsible for redisplacement after closed reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87:841-3. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.87B6.15648
- Miller BS, Taylor B, Widmann RF, Bae DS, Snyder BD, Waters PM. Cast immobilization versus percutaneous pin fixation of displaced distal radius fractures in children: a prospective, randomized study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25:490-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bpo.0000158780.52849.39
- Price CT, Knapp DR. Osteotomy for malunited forearm shaft fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:193-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bpo.0000194699.29269.76
- McLauchlan GJ, Cowan B, Annan IH, Robb JE. Management of completely displaced metaphyseal fractures of the distal radius in children. A prospective, randomised controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:413-7. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.84B3.0840413
- Gibbons CL, Woods DA, Pailthorpe C, Carr AJ, Worlock P. The management of isolated distal radius fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14:207-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199403000-00014
- Choi KY, Chan WS, Lam TP, Cheng JC. Percutaneous Kirschner-wire pinning for severely displaced distal radial fractures in children. A report of 157 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77:797-801.
- Beaty JH, Kasser JR. Rockwood and Wilkins' fractures in children. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. 363-98.
- Muratli HH, Yagmurlu MF, Yuksel HY, Aktekin CN, Bicimoglu A, Tabak AY. [Treatment of childhood unstable radius distal methaphysis fractures with closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wires]. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2002;36:52-7. Turkish.
- Cheng JC, Ng BK, Ying SY, Lam PK. A 10-year study of the changes in the pattern and treatment of 6,493 fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 1999;19:344-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199905000-00011
- Haddad FS, Williams RL. Forearm fractures in children: avoiding redisplacement. Injury. 1995;26:691-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(95)00136-0
- Pretell Mazzini J, Rodriguez Martin J. Paediatric forearm and distal radius fractures: risk factors and re-displacement--role of casting indices. Int Orthop. 2010;34:407-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-009-0904-0
- Turgut A, Erkus S, Koca A, Payziner L, Cicek AO, Kalenderer O. Analysis of the factors causing tight cast syndrome after closed reduction and casting of pediatric distal radius fractures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2018;52:329-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aott.2018.07.001
- Akar D, Koroglu C, Erkus S, Turgut A, Kalenderer O. Conservative follow-up of severely displaced distal radial metaphyseal fractures in children. Cureus. 2018;10:e3259.
- Iltar S, Alemdaroglu KB, Say F, Aydogan NH. The value of the three-point index in predicting redisplacement of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm in children. Bone Joint J. 2013;95:563-7. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.95B4.31143
- McQuinn AG, Jaarsma RL. Risk factors for redisplacement of pediatric distal forearm and distal radius fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32:687-92. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e31824b7525