Journal of Korea Port Economic Association (한국항만경제학회지)

The Korea Port Economic Association (한국항만경제학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Priority Evaluation of the Success Factors for Digital Transformation in Maritime Transport Sector

해상운송분야의 디지털 전환 성공요인에 대한 우선순위 평가에 관한 연구

  • 장명희 (한국해양대학교 해양경영경제학부)
  • Received : 2021.11.30
  • Accepted : 2021.12.31
  • Published : 2021.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is described in detail as follows. First, I would like to define what digital transformation is in the maritime transport sector. Second, it is intended to derive success factors for digital transformation in the maritime transportation field by examining various preceding studies related to digital transformation. Finally, in order to derive priorities for the derived success factors, an AHP analysis model is built and an expert survey is conducted for practical experts in the maritime transportation field. Based on the survey results, we would like to provide guidelines on what factors should be considered first among the success factors of digital transformation in the maritime transportation sector. In this study, in order to derive the priority of success factors for digital transformation in the maritime transportation field, the hierarchical structure was divided into four high-level evaluation items(strategic factors, organizational culture and human factors, technology factors, and environmental factors) and 21 sub-evaluation items. A relative evaluation method of weighting items among AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was applied. AHP analysis of 24 questionnaires with a consistency ratio of 0.1 or less in order to increase the accuracy of information among questionnaires collected through maritime transportation related university professors, research groups, shipping companies, container terminals, and experts engaged in shipping related IT companies was carried out. As a result of the analysis, the priority of the first-tier factors for the success factors of digital transformation in the maritime transport sector was shown in the order of strategic factors, organizational culture and human factors, technology factors, and environmental factors. In addition, when looking at the priorities of 21 detailed items, it was found that the development of new business models, the creation of an active future digital strategy, and the leadership of the chief digital officer were high.

본 연구의 목적을 구체적으로 기술하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 해상운송분야에서의 디지털 전환이 무엇인 지에 대한 정의를 내리고자 한다. 둘째, 디지털 전환과 관련된 다양한 선행연구를 검토하여 해상운송분야의 디지털 전환에 대한 성공요인을 도출하고자 한다. 마지막으로 도출된 성공요인들에 대한 우선 순위를 도출하기 위하여 AHP 분석 모형을 구축하고 해상운송분야 실무 전문가들을 대상으로 전문가 설문조사를 실시한다. 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 해상운송분야의 디지털 전환의 성공요인들 중 우선적으로 고려해야 할 요인들이 무엇인지 가이드라인을 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 해상운송분야 디지털 전환을 위한 성공요인의 우선순위를 도출하기 위하여 4개의 상위 평가항목(전략요인, 조직문화 및 인적요인, 기술요인, 환경요인)과 21개의 하위 평가항목으로 계층구조를 설정하였고 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)기법 중에서 항목들의 가중치를 매기는 상대적 평가방법을 적용하였다. 해상운송분야 관련 대학교수, 연구단체, 해운회사, 컨테이너터미널, 해상운송 관련 IT업체에 종사하는 전문가들을 통해서 수집된 설문지 중에서 정보의 정확도를 높이기 위하여 일관성 비율을 0.1이하인 24부의 설문을 대상으로 AHP 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 해상운송분야 디지털 전환의 성공요인에 대한 제1계층 요인들의 우선순위는 전략요인, 조직문화 및 인적요인, 기술요인, 환경요인 순으로 나타났다. 또한 21개의 세부항목에 대한 우선순위를 살펴보면 새로운 비즈니스 모델 개발, 적극적인 미래 디지털 전략의 조성, 최고디지털 책임자의 리더십 등이 높게 나타났다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 2020년도 한국해양대학교 연구년 전임교원 교내연구비 지원을 받아 수행되었음

References

  1. 이태휘(2020), 스마트항만의 해외사례 분석과 정책 시사점: 유럽과 싱가포르를 중심으로, 한국항만경제학회지, 제36집 제1호, 77-90. https://doi.org/10.38121/kpea.2020.03.36.1.77
  2. 임휘종.최보름.송지희(2021), 기업의 디지털 전환(DT) 경쟁력 분석 모형개발 및 적용: 공기업 10개의 사례를 중심으로, Korea Business Review, 제25권 제3호, 61-100. https://doi.org/10.17287/kbr.2021.25.3.61
  3. 장명희(2021), 해운물류산업에서 디지털 트랜스포메이션 현황과 선행요건, 2021년 춘계 해양과학기술협의회 공동학술대회 발표논문, 208-209.
  4. Adner, R., Puranam, P., and Zhu, F.(2019), What is Different about Digital Strategy? From Quantitative to Qualitative Change, Strategy Science, 4(4), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2019.0099
  5. Agushi, G.(2019), Understanding the Digital Transformation Approach - A Case of Slovenian Enterprises, Thesis for: Master of Science in International Business. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
  6. Ali, F. A. and Jali, M. Z.(2018), Human-Technology Centric in Cyber Security Maintenance for Digital Transformation Era. In: 1st International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing (ICoBiC) 2017. Journal of Physics: Conference Series; IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1018/1/012012 (2018)https://doi.org/.
  7. Alt, R.(2019), Electronic Markets on Digital Transformation Methodologies, Electronic Markets, 29(3), 307-313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-019-00370-x
  8. BCG(2018), Seven Digital Trends will Trans form Container Shipping, Feb. 2.
  9. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A. and Venkatraman, N.(2013), Digital Business Strategy : Toward a Next Generation of Insights, MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471-482. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2013/37:2.3
  10. Bilgeri, D., Wortmann, F. and Fleisch, E.(2017), How Digital Transformation Affects Large Manufacturing Companies' Organization, In ICIS 2017 Proceedings, 1-9.
  11. Carcary, M., Doherty, E. and Conway, G.(2016), A Dynamic Capability Approach to Digital Transformation-a Focus on Key Foundational Themes, 10th European Conference on Information Systems Management Conference Paper.
  12. Digital Transport & Logistics Forum(2018), Towards Paperless Transport Within the EU and Across its Borders.
  13. Dremel, C., Wulf, J., Herterich, M. M., Waizmann, J., and Brenner, W.(2017), How Audi AG Established Big Data Analytics in its Digital Transformation, MIS Quarterly, 16(2), 81-100.
  14. Feher, P., and Varga, K.(2017), Using Design Thinking to Identify Banking Digitization Opportunities-Snapshot of the Hungarian Banking System, In: Bled eConference, Bled, Sloveni, 151-168.
  15. Fichman, R. G., Dos Santos, B. L., and Zheng, Z. (Eric)(2014). Digital Innovation as a Fundamental and Powerful Concept in the Information Systems Curriculum, MIS Quarterly, 38(2), 329-353. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2014/38.2.01
  16. Fitzgerald, M., Kruschwitz, N., Bonnet, D. and Welch, M.(2014), Embracing Digital Technology: A New Strategic Imperative, MIT Sloan Management Review, 55(2), p.1.
  17. Fruth, M., and Teuteberg, F.(2017). Digitization in Maritime Logistics-What is There and What is Missing?, Cogent Business & Manage. 4(1), 1411066. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1411066.
  18. Galimova, M., Gileva, T., Mukhanova, N. and Krasnuk, L.(2019), Selecting the Path of the Digital Transformation of Business-models for Industrial Enterprises. In: IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering.
  19. Gausdal, A.H., Czachorowski, K.V., and Solesvik, M.Z.(2018), Applying Blockchain Tech nology : Evidence from Norwegian Companies, MDPI Sustainability, 10(6), 1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061985.
  20. Genzorova, T., Corejova, T. and Stalmasekova, N. (2019), How Digital Transformation can Influence Business Model, Case study for Transport Industry. In: Peer-review under Responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport(TRANSCOM 2019), Elsevier B. V., Slovak Republic, 1053-1058. Gerster, D., 2017.
  21. Gokcay, B.(2021), Digitalization in Container Shipping Services: Critical Resources for Competitive Advantage, Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 9(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.4274/jems.2021.47364
  22. Gunther, W.A., Mehrizi, M. H. R., Hyusman, M. and Feldberg, F.(2017), Debating Big Data: Literature Review on Realizing Value from Big Data, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 26(3), 191-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2017.07.003
  23. Gupta, S.(2018), Organizational Barriers to Digital Transformation. Degree Project in Industrial Manage, Retrived from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1.218220/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
  24. Haffke, I., Kalgov, B., and Benlian, A.(2017), The Transformative Role of Bimodal IT in an Era of Digital Business. In 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 5460-5469.
  25. Hanna, N.(2018), A Role for the State in the Digital Age, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 7(5). https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s13731-018-0086-3
  26. Hartl, E., and Hess, T.(2017), The Role of Cultural Values for Digital Transformation: Insights from a Delphi Study, In AMCIS 2017 Proceedings, 1-10.
  27. Hausberg, J. P., LiereNetheler, K., Packmohr, S., Pakura, S. and Vogelsang, K.(2019), Research Streams on Digital Transformation from a Holistic Business Perspective: a Systematic Literature Review and Citation Network Analysis, Journal of Business Economics, 89, 931-963.
  28. Heilig, L., Schwarze, S., and Voss, S.(2017), An Analysis of Digital Transformation in the History and Future of Modern Ports. In HICSS 2017 Proceedings, 1341-1350.
  29. Henriette, E., Feki, M., and Boughzala, I.(2016), Digital Transformation Challenges. In: Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems(MCIS), 40-41.
  30. Heo, M. S. and Cheon, M. J.(2015), An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Employee's Agility and Work Performance: Focused on the Agility's Influence Factors and Knowledge-Oriented Leadership, Knowledge Management Research, 16(2), 139-172. https://doi.org/10.15813/kmr.2015.16.2.007
  31. Heo, M. S. and Cheon, M. J.(2021), A Study on the Digital Transformation Readiness Through DevelopingW and Applying Digital Maturity Diagnosis Model: Focused on the Case of a S Company in Oil and Chemical Industry, Korea Management Review, 50(1), 81-114. https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2021.50.1.81
  32. Holotiuk, F., and Beimborn, D.(2017), Critical Success Factors of Digital Business Strategy. In: 13th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, February 12-15, 2017. St. Gallen, Switzerland, pp. 991-1005. Retrieved from. https://wi2017.ch/images/wi2017-0244.pdf.
  33. Hrustek, L., Tomicic Furjan, M. and Pihir, I. (2019), Influence of Digital Transformation Drivers on Business Model Creation, MIPRO 2019, May, 20-24, Opatija Croatia.
  34. Iddris, F.(2018), Digital Supply Chain: Survey of the Literature, International Journal of Business Research and Management. 9(1), 47-61.
  35. Ismail, M. H., Khater, M., and Zaki, M(2018), Digital Business Transformation and Strategy: What Do We Know So Far? https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36492.62086.
  36. Jeansson, J., and Bredmar, K.(2019), Digital Transformation of SMEs: Capturing Complexity. In: Pucihar, A., Kljaji'c Borstnar, M., Bons, R., Seitz, J., Cripps, H., Vidmar, D. (Eds.), 32nd Bled eConference. Humanizing Technology for a Sustainable Society. University of Maribor Press, 523-541.
  37. Jovi'c, M., Tijan, E., Aksentijevi'c, S., and Cisic, D.(2019), An Overview Of Security Challenges Of Seaport IoT Systems, 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics, 1571-1576.
  38. Junge, A. L., and Straube, F.(2020, Sustainable Supply Chains-Digital Transformation Technologies' Impact on the Social and Environmental Dimension, Procedia Manufacturing, 43, 736-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.110
  39. Junge, A. L., Verhoeven, P., Reipert, J. and Mansfeld, M.(2019), Pathway of Digital Transformation in Logistics: Best Practice Concepts and Future Developments. In: Straube, F. (Ed.), Scientific Series Logistics at the Berlin Institute of Technology, Special Edition 8.
  40. Kane, Gerald C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A. N., Kiron, D., and Buckley, N.(2017), Achieving Digital Maturity. MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte University Press, 1-29(59180).
  41. Kane, Gerald C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A.N., Kiron, D., and Buckley, N.(2019), Accelerating Digital Innovation Inside and Out, MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte University Press, Retrieved March 14, 2020, from. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/lu/Documents/deloitte-digital/lu-accelerating-digital-innovation.pdf.
  42. Klotzer, C., and Pflaum, A.(2017), Toward the Development of a Maturity Model for Digitalization within the Manufacturing Industry's Supply Chain, In: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa Beach, HI, 4210-4219.
  43. Korpela, K., Hallikas, J., and Dahlberg, T.(2017), Digital Supply Chain Transformation toward Blockchain Integration. Retrieved March 16, 2020, from. https://scholarspace.
  44. Kotarba, M.(2018), Digital Transformation of Business Models, Foundations of Management, 10(1), 123-142. https://doi.org/10.2478/fman-2018-0011
  45. Kozak-Holland, M., and Procter, C.(2020), The Challenge of Digital Transformation, Managing Transformation Projects, Palgrave Pivot, Cham.
  46. Kutzner, K., Schoormann, T., and Knackstedt, R.(2018) Digital Transformation in Information Systems Research: A Taxonomy-Based Approach to Structure the Field, Research Papers, 56.
  47. Kwon, E. H., and Park, M. J.(2017), Critical Factors on Firm's Digital Transformation Capacity: Empirical Evidence From Korea, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(22), 12585-12596.
  48. Lambrou, M., Watanabe, D. and Iida, J.(2019), Shipping Digitalization Management : Conceptualization, Typology and Antecedents, Journal of Shipping and Trade, 4(11), 2-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-019-0041-x
  49. Larjovuori, R.-L., Bordi, L., and Heikkila-Tammi, K.(2018), Leadership in the Digital Business Transformation. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Mindtrek Conference, 212-221.
  50. Lavikka, R., Hirvensalo, A., Smeds, R., and Jaatinen, M.(2017), Transforming a Supply Chain towards a Digital Business Ecosystem. In: Kiritsis, D., Thoben, K.-D., Lodding, H., Riedel, R., von Cieminski, G. (Eds.), Advances in Production Management Systems: The Path to Intelligent, Collaborative and Sustainable Manufacturing. Springer, 295-301. APMS 2017Retrieved from. https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/transforming-a-supply-chain-towards-a-digital-business-ecosystem.
  51. Legner, C., Eymann, T., Hess, T., Matt, C., Bohmann, T., Drews, P., and Ahlemann, F.(2017), Digitalization: Opportunity and Challenge for the Business and Information Systems Engineering Community, Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0484-2
  52. Levander, O.(2017), Forget Autonomous Cars -Autonomous Ships are Almost Here, IEEE Spectrum, 54(2), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2017.7833502
  53. Lycett, M.(2013), Datafication : Making Sense of (Big) Data in a Complex World, European Journal of Information Systems, 22(4), 381-386. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2013.10
  54. Maltaverne, B.(2017), Digital Transformation of Procurement: a Good Abuse of Language?, www.thedigitaltransformationpeople.com/channels/the-case-for-digital-transformation/digitaltransformation-of-procurement-a-good-ause-oflanguage (accessed 16 August 2019). manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/41666.
  55. Mathauer, M., and E. Hofmann(2019), Technology Adoption by Logistics Service Providers, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 49(4), 416-434. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-02-2019-0064
  56. Matt, C., Hess, T., and Benlian, A.,(2015), Digital Transformation Strategies, Business & Information Systems Engineering, 57(5), 339-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-015-0401-5.
  57. Morakanyane, R., Grace, A., and O'Reilly, P.(2017), Conceptualizing Digital Transformation in Business Organizations: A Systematic Review of Literature. In: 30th Bled eConference Digital Transformation-From Connecting Things to Transforming Our Lives, Bled, Slovenia, 427-444.
  58. Moreira, F., Ferreira, M. J., and Seruca, I.(2018), Enterprise 4.0 - the Emerging Digital Transformed Enterprise? Procedia Computer Science, 138(2018), 525-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.072
  59. Mosconi, E., Packmohr, S., and Santa-Eulalia, L. A. De.(2019) Making Digital Transfor mation Real, In: 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 4924-4926. Hawaii.
  60. Mueller, B., and Renken, U.(2017), Helping Employees to be Digital Transformers- the Olympus connect Case, In ICIS 2017 Proceedings, 1-19.
  61. Mugge, P., Abbu, H., Michaelis, T. L., Kwiatkowski, A. and Gudergan, G.(2020), Patterns of Digitization A Practical Guide to Digital Transformation, Research -Technology Management, 63(2), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2020.1707003
  62. North, K., Aramburu, N. and Lorenzo, O. J.(2019), Promoting Digitally Enabled Growth in SMEs: A Framework Proposal. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 33(1), 238-262. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-04-2019-0103
  63. Osmundsen, K., Iden, J. and Bygstad, B.(2018), Digital Transformation: Drivers, Success Factors, and Implications. In: The 12th Mediterranean Conference on Information.
  64. Pappas, I. O., Mikalef, P., Giannakos, M. N., Krogstie, J., and Lekakos, G.(2018), Big Data and Business Analytics Ecosystems: Paving the Way Towards Digital Transformation and Sustainable Societies. Information Systems and E-Business Management, 16(3), 479-491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-018-0377-z
  65. Peter, M. K., Kraft, C., and Lindeque, J.(2020. Strategic Action Fields of Digital Transformation: An Exploration of the Strategic Action Fields of Swiss SMEs and Large Enterprises, Journal of Strategy and Management, 13(1), 160-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-05-2019-0070
  66. Ponsignon, F., Kleinhans, S., and Bressolles, G.(2019), The Contribution of Quality Mmanagement to an Organisation's Digital Transformation: a Qualitative Study. Retrieved March 12, 2020, from. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14783363.2019.1665770.
  67. Reis, J.C.G.dos, Amorim, M., Melao, N.(2018), Digital Transformation: A Literature Review and Guidelines for Future Research, 206. Springer International Publishing AG, Part of Springer Nature 2018, 411-421.
  68. Saaty, T. L.(1977), A Scaling Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structures, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 15(3), 234-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
  69. Saaty, T. L.(1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  70. Saldanha, T.J., Mithas, S., and Krishnan, M. S. (2017), Leveraging Customer Involvement for Fueling Innovation: The Role of Relational and Analytical Information Processing Capabilities, MIS Quarterly, 41(1), 267-286.
  71. Sanchez, M. A.(2017), A Framework to Assess Organizational Readiness for the Digital Transformation. Dimension Empresarial, 15(2), 27-40. Retrieved from. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/diem/v15n2/1692-8563-diem-15-02-00027.pdf.
  72. Sayabek, Z., Suieubayeva, S., and Utegenova, A.(2020), Digital Transformation in Business, In: Ashmarina, S.I., Vochozka, M., and Mantulenko, V.V.(Eds.), Digital Age: Chances, Challenges and Future, Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, 408-415.
  73. Schiavi, G.S., Behr, A., 2018. Emerging Technologies and New Business Models: a Review on Disruptive Business Models, Innovation & Management Review, 15(4), 338-355. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-03-2018-0013
  74. Schumann, C.-A., Baum, J., Forkel, E., Otto, F., and Reuther, K.(2017), Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0 as a Complex and Eclectic Change.
  75. Schwertner, K.(2017), Digital Transformation of Business, Trakia Journal of Sciences, 15(1), 388-393. https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2017.s.01.065
  76. Thomas, L. D., Autio, E., and Gann, D. M.(2014) Architectural Leverage: Putting Platforms in Context, Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(2), 198-219. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2011.0105
  77. Tijan, E., Jovi'c, M., Aksentijevi'c, S. and Pucihar, A.(2021), Digital Transformation in The Maritime Transport Sector, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 170, 120879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120879
  78. Verina, N. and Titko, J.(2019), Digital Transformation: A Conceptual Framework. Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering' 2019, 719-727.
  79. Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J.Q., Fabian, N., and Haenlein, M.(2021), Digital Transformation: A Multidisciplinary Reflection and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
  80. Vial, G.(2019), Understanding Digital Transformation: A Review and a Research Agenda, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003
  81. Wiedenmann, M., and Grossler, A.(2019), The Impact of Digital Technologies on Operational Causes of the Bullwhip Effect - a Literature Review. In: 52nd CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, 552-557.
  82. Zaman, I., Pazouki, K., Norman, R., Younessi, S. and Coleman, S.(2017), Challenges and Opportunities of Big Data Analytics for Upcoming Regulations and Future Transformation of the Shipping Industry, Procedia Engineering, 194, 537-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.182
  83. https://deltalogix.blog/en/2021/03/09/digitisation-digitalisation-digital-transformation-whats-the-difference/