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Comparison of Antibody and T Cell Responses Induced by Single Doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 Vaccines

  • Ji Yeun Kim (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Seongman Bae (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Soonju Park (Institut Pasteur Korea) ;
  • Ji-Soo Kwon (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • So Yun Lim (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Ji Young Park (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Hye Hee Cha (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Mi Hyun Seo (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Hyun Jung Lee (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Nakyung Lee (Institut Pasteur Korea) ;
  • Jinyeong Heo (Institut Pasteur Korea) ;
  • David Shum (Institut Pasteur Korea) ;
  • Youngmee Jee (Institut Pasteur Korea) ;
  • Sung-Han Kim (Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2021.07.09
  • Accepted : 2021.08.13
  • Published : 2021.08.31
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Abstract

There are limited data directly comparing humoral and T cell responses to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 vaccines. We compared Ab and T cell responses after first doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vs. BNT162b2 vaccines. We enrolled healthcare workers who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 vaccine in Seoul, Korea. Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S1 protein-specific IgG Abs (S1-IgG), neutralizing Abs (NT Abs), and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response were evaluated before vaccination and at 1-wk intervals for 3 wks after vaccination. A total of 76 persons, comprising 40 injected with the ChAdOx1 vaccine and 36 injected with the BNT162b2 vaccine, participated in this study. At 3 wks after vaccination, the mean levels (±SD) of S1-IgG and NT Abs in the BNT162b2 participants were significantly higher than in the ChAdOx1 participants (S1-IgG, 14.03±7.20 vs. 6.28±8.87, p<0.0001; NT Ab, 183.1±155.6 vs. 116.6±116.2, p=0.035), respectively. However, the mean values of the T cell responses in the 2 groups were comparable after 2 wks. The humoral immune response after the 1st dose of BNT162b2 developed faster and was stronger than after the 1st dose of ChAdOx1. However, the T cell responses to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 were similar.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute, which is funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant No. HW20C2062) and by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2017M3A9G6068254).

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