Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
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Study of Riverline Change around Sannam Wetland in the Hangang River Estuaty using LANDSAT Image Processing

LANDSAT 위성사진을 활용한 한강하구 산남습지 인근 하안선 변화 연구

  • Youn, Sukzun (Department of Land, Water, and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Lee, Samhee (Department of Land, Water, and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Jang, Changhwan (Construction Technology Examination Division, Korean Intellectual Property Office)
  • 윤석준 (한국건설기술연구원, 국토보전연구본부) ;
  • 이삼희 (한국건설기술연구원, 국토보전연구본부) ;
  • 장창환 (특허청, 건설기술심사과)
  • Received : 2021.03.02
  • Accepted : 2021.04.26
  • Published : 2021.05.31
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Abstract

The naturally opened Han river estuary is a place where the flows of the Han river, Imjin river, Yaesung river meet with West Sea of Korea, so the hydrodynamic mechanism(Impact-Response) structure of Han river estuary is complex. Continuous observation and measurement due to the morphological characteristics at the estuary are required to maintain the estuary environment and river management facilities. However, the Sannam wetland(the study area) is in the military operation area. Therefore, Sannam wetland has the limited access under the control from military office. In 2020, there had a natural disaster due to flooding in August and COVID-19, and it made a survey hard. The noncontact survey technique, the analysis of LANDSAT images at Sannam wetland, was applied to analyze riverbed fluctuation and morphological transformation around Sannam wetland. LANDSAT images obtained from EarthExplorer, USGS and analyzed by QGIS. The analysis was performed based on the area and the distance near Sannam wetland. As a result, an erosion was happened on the downstream of the study area, and the upstream of the study area did not have any serious sediment transport. Considering the resolution of LANDSAT images, this noncontect survey technique is applicable to manage the study area. From the analysis of LANDSAT images, it is assumed that the tidal effect is greater than the inflow from the upstream. The pattern change of tidal response causes the damage of the river facilities near the Hangang river estuary.

하구둑 없이 자연적으로 열린 한강하구는 한강, 임진강, 예성강의 흐름과 서해의 조류가 만나는 곳이기 때문에 하도수리적인 '작용(impact)-응답(response)' 구조가 복잡하다. 민간인 통제 구간에서도 군부대 통제 하에 극히 제한된 장소와 시간에만 접근 조사가 가능하다. 2020년에는 8월 홍수에 유실된 지뢰 발견, 코로나-19 확산에 따른 관계기관 대면 접촉 제약 등의 이유로 현장 조사에 어려움이 있었다. 이러한 상황을 토대로 비대면, 비접촉 하안선 변화 조사 방법의 필요성이 제기되었다. 이의 대응 연구 수단으로써 공간 정보 분석 프로그램인 QGIS를 기반으로 미국 USGS가 운영하는 LANDSAT의 위성사진을 수집하여 영상처리 후 복잡한 하천지형 변화 양상을 분석하는 방법을 택하였다. 연구대상은 한강하구 산남습지 인근으로 설정하였다. 결과적으로 장기적 관점에서는 산남습지를 기준으로 하류에서는 침식 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 상류에서는 미미한 퇴적 현상이 나타났다. 위성사진 오차를 고려한다면 하천관리 측면에서는 과거 하천측량 자료를 바탕으로 비교 검토해볼 때 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 평가되면서 이 방법의 유효성이 입증되었다. 산남습지 인근 지역은 포괄적인 시간 관점에서 볼 때 조석 영향이 상류로부터 유입되는 흐름의 영향보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 즉 조류에 의한 응답(사주의 거동 양상) 구조의 패턴 변화가 한강하구 인근의 하천시설물의 피해 유발에 더 작용하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 향후 이를 감안한 적절한 하천관리 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 과학기술정보통신부와 한국건설기술연구원의 주요사업(장기조사연구)에서 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다.

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