References
- MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA, Seale H, Richards GA, Davidson PMl. Respiratory protection for healthcare workers treating Ebola virus disease (EVD): are facemasks sufficient to meet occupational health and safety obligations? Int J Nurs Stud. 2014;51:1421-1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.09.002
- Osterholm MT, Moore KA, Kelley NS, Brosseau LM, Wong G, Murphy FA, et al. Transmission of ebola viruses: what we know and what we do not know. MBio. 2015;6:e00137-15. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00137-15
- Otter JA, Yezli S, French GL. The role played by contaminated surfaces in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011;32:687-699. https://doi.org/10.1086/660363
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention Strategies for Seasonal Influenza in Healthcare Settings [Internet]. Atlanta: Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 2018 [cited 2020 November 16]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/infectioncontrol/healthcaresettings.html
- Song Q, Zhu R, Sun Y, Zhao L, Wang F, Deng J, et al. Identification of human metapneumovirus genotypes A and B from clinical specimens by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Virol Methods. 2014;196:133-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.037
- Liu J, Nian QG, Li J, Hu Y, Li XF, Zhang Y, et al. Development of reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. BMC Microbiol. 2014;14:271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-014-0271-x
- Shirato K, Yano T, Senba S, Akachi S, Kobayashi T, Nishinaka T, et al. Detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). Virol J. 2014;11:139. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-11-139
- Yang S, Li H, Tang Y, Yu F, Ma C, Zhang H, et al. Multiplex tests for respiratory tract infections: the direct utility of the FilmArray respiratory panel in emergency department. Can Respir J. 2020;2020:6014563. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6014563
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for hospitalized patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome CoronaVirus (MERS-CoV) [Internet]. Atlanta: Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014 [cited 2021 Jan 02]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/infection-prevention-control.html.
- MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA, Seale H, Richards GA, Davidson PM. Uncertainty, risk analysis and change for Ebola personal protective equipment guidelines. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52:899-903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.12.001
- Chowell G, Fenimore PW, Castillo-Garsow MA, Castillo-Chavez C. SARS outbreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore: the role of diagnosis and isolation as a control mechanism. J Theor Biol. 2003;224:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(03)00228-5
- Hall CB, Douglas RG, Jr, Geiman JM, Messner MK. Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:1343-1346. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197512252932604
- Lessler J, Reich NG, Brookmeyer R, Perl TM, Nelson KE, Cummings DA, et al. Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9:291-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70069-6
- Haas LE, de Rijk NX, Thijsen SF. Human metapneumovirus infections on the ICU: a report of three cases. Ann Intensive Care. 2012;2:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/2110-5820-2-30
- Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM, et al. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014;134:e1474-1502. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2742
- French CE, McKenzie BC, Coope C, Rajanaidu S, Paranthaman K, Pebody R, et al. Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events: a systematic review. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016;10:268-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12379
- Public Health Agency of Canada. Adenovirus [Internet]. Ottawa, Public Health Agency of Canada; 2011 [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/adenovirus-eng.php
- Public Health Agency of Canada. Human coronavirus [Internet]. Ottawa, Public Health Agency of Canada; 2020 [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/coronavirus-eng.php
- Public Health Agency of Canada. Human parainfluenza virus [Internet]. Ottawa, Public Health Agency of Canada; 2011 [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/parainfluenza-eng.php
- Public Health Agency of Canada. Influenza virus type A [Internet]. Ottawa, Public Health Agency of Canada; 2011 [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/influenza-a-eng.php
- Public Health Agency of Canada. Influenza virus type B [Internet]. Ottawa, Public Health Agency of Canada; 2012 [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/influenza-grippe-b-c-eng.php
- Public Health Agency of Canada. Respiratory syncytial virus [Internet]. Ottawa, Public Health Agency of Canada; 2011 [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/pneumovirus-eng.php
- Public Health Agency of Canada. Rhinovirus [Internet]. Ottawa, Public Health Agency of Canada; 2011 [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/rhinovirus-eng.php
- Damasio GA, Pereira LA, Moreira SD, Duarte dos Santos CN, Dalla-Costa LM, Raboni SM. Does virus-bacteria coinfection increase the clinical severity of acute respiratory infection? J Med Virol. 2015;87:1456-1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24210
- Jiang W, Wang T, Li L, Ji W, Wang Y, Yan Y. Impact of bacteria in nasal aspirates on disease severity of bronchiolitis. Infect Dis (Lond). 2016;48:82-86. https://doi.org/10.3109/23744235.2015.1082621
- Griffiths C, Drews SJ, Marchant DJ. Respiratory syncytial virus: Infection, detection, and new options for prevention and treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30:277-319. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00010-16
- Thorburn K, Harigopal S, Reddy V, Taylor N, van Saene HK. High incidence of pulmonary bacterial co-infection in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Thorax. 2006;61:611-615. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2005.048397
- Ginocchio CC, Swierkosz E, McAdam AJ, Marcon M, Storch GA, Valsamakis A, et al. Multicenter study of clinical performance of the 3M rapid detection RSV test. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:2337-2343. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00130-10
- Schwartz RH, Selvarangan R, Zissman EN. BD Veritor system respiratory syncytial virus rapid antigen detection test: point-of-care results in primary care pediatric offices compared with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and viral culture methods. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2015;31:830-834. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000371
- Jonckheere S, Verfaillie C, Boel A, Van Vaerenbergh K, Vanlaere E, Vankeerberghen A, et al. Multicenter evaluation of BD Veritor System and RSV K-SeT for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in a diagnostic laboratory setting. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;83:37-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.012
- Piche-Renaud PP, Turcot J, Chartrand C, Gravel J, Labrecque M, Vallieres E, et al. Evaluation of a fluorescent immunoassay rapid test (Sofia) for detection of influenza A+B and RSV in a tertiary pediatric setting. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;84:304-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.10.025
- Leonardi GP, Wilson AM, Dauz M, Zuretti AR. Evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) direct antigen detection assays for use in point-of-care testing. J Virol Methods. 2015;213:131-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.016
- Salez N, Nougairede A, Ninove L, Zandotti C, de Lamballerie X, Charrel RN. Prospective and retrospective evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert(R) Flu/RSV XC assay for rapid detection of influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;81:256-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.01.008
- Popowitch EB, Miller MB. Performance characteristics of Xpert Flu/RSV XC assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53:2720-2721. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00972-15
- Sun Y, Deng J, Qian Y, Zhu R, Wang F, Tian R, et al. Laboratory evaluation of rapid antigen detection tests for more-sensitive detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2019;72:394-398. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2018.528
- Cho CH, Lee CK, Nam MH, Yoon SY, Lim CS, Cho Y, et al. Evaluation of the AdvanSure real-time RT-PCR compared with culture and Seeplex RV15 for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;79:14-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.01.016
- Gharabaghi F, Hawan A, Drews SJ, Richardson SE. Evaluation of multiple commercial molecular and conventional diagnostic assays for the detection of respiratory viruses in children. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17:1900-1906. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03529.x
- Gadsby NJ, Hardie A, Claas EC, Templeton KE. Comparison of the Luminex respiratory virus panel fast assay with in-house real-time PCR for respiratory viral infection diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:2213-2216. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02446-09
- Landry ML, Ferguson D. Comparison of Simplexa Flu A/B & RSV PCR with cytospin-immunofluorescence and laboratory-developed TaqMan PCR in predominantly adult hospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52:3057-3059. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00738-14
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overview of Influenza Testing Methods [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD); 2020 [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/overview-testing-methods.htm
- Dawson ED, Moore CL, Dankbar DM, Mehlmann M, Townsend MB, Smagala JA, et al. Identification of A/H5N1 influenza viruses using a single gene diagnostic microarray. Anal Chem. 2007;79:378-384. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061920o
- Syrmis MW, Whiley DM, Thomas, Mackay IM, Williamson J, Siebert DJ, et al. A sensitive specific and cost-effective multiplex reverse transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of seven common respiratory viruses in respiratory samples. J Mol Diagn 2004;6:125-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60500-4
- Mahony J, Chong S, Merante F, Luinstra K, Sinha T, Petrich A, et al. Development of a respiratory virus panel (RVP) test for the detection of twenty human respiratory viruses using multiplex PCR and a fluid microbead-based assay. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:2965-2970. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02436-06
- Mesquita FDS, Oliveira DBL, Crema D, Pinez CMN, Colmanetti TC, Thomazelli LM, et al. Rapid antigen detection test for respiratory syncytial virus diagnosis as a diagnostic tool. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017;93:246-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.06.013
- Gralton J, Tovey E, McLaws ML, Rawlinson WD. The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review. J Infect. 2011;62:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.010
- Musher D.M. How contagious are common respiratory tract infections? N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1256-1266. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra021771
- Somerville LK, Ratnamohan VM, Dwyer DE, Kok J. Molecular diagnosis of respiratory viruses. Pathology. 2015;47:243-249. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0000000000000240
- MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA, Rahman B, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Seale H, et al. The efficacy of medical masks and respirators against respiratory infection in healthcare workers. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017;11:511-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12474
- Vemula SV, Zhao J, Liu J, Wang X, Biswas S, Hewlett I. Current approaches for diagnosis of influenza virus infections in humans. Viruses. 2016;8:96. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8040096