Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Degradation kinetics of vitamins in premixes for pig: effects of choline, high concentrations of copper and zinc, and storage time

  • Yang, Pan (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Wang, Hua Kai (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhu, Min (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Li, Long Xian (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Ma, Yong Xi (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University)
  • Received : 2020.01.16
  • Accepted : 2020.05.29
  • Published : 2021.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of storage time, choline chloride, and high concentrations of Cu and Zn on the kinetic behavior of vitamin degradation during storage in two vitamin premixes and four vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premixes. Methods: Two vitamin premixes (with or without 160,000 mg/kg of choline) were stored at 25℃ and 60% humidity. Besides, four VTM premixes were used to evaluate the effects of choline (0 vs 40,000 mg/kg) and trace minerals (low CuSO4+ZnO vs high CuSO4+ZnO) on vitamin stability in VTM premixes stored in room, and the VTM premixes were stored in room temperature at 22℃. Subsamples from each vitamin and VTM premix were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. The retention of vitamin A (VA), vitamin D3 (VD3), vitamin E (VE), vitamin K3 (VK3), vitamin B1 (VB1), vitamin B2 (VB2), vitamin B3 (VB3), vitamin B5 (VB5), and vitamin B6 (VB6) in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes during storage was determined. The stability of vitamins in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes was determined and reported as the residual vitamin activity (% of initial) at each sampling point. Results: The effect of choline on VK3 retention was significant in vitamin premixes (p<0.05). The negative effect of storage time was significant for the retentions of VD3, VK3, VB1, VB2, VB5, and VB6 in vitamin premix (p<0.05). For VTM premixes, negative effect of storage time was significant (p<0.05) for the losses of vitamin in VTM premixes. Choline and high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly increased VA, VK3, VB1, and VB2 loss during storage (p<0.05). The supplementation of high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased the concentrations of VD3 and VB6 (p<0.05) in VTM premixes at extended storage time. Conclusion: The maximum vitamin stability was detected in vitamin and VTM premixes containing no choline or excess Cu and Zn. The results indicated that extended storage time increased degradation of vitamin in vitamin or VTM premixes. These results may provide useful information for vitamin and VTM premixes to improve the knowledge of vitamin in terms of its stability.

Keywords

References

  1. Jang YD, Ma J, Lu N, et al. Administration of vitamin D3 by injection or drinking water alters serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations of nursery pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018;31:278-86. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0397
  2. Teleki A, Hitzfeld A, Eggersdorfer M. 100 years of vitamins: the science of formulation is the key to functionality. Kona Powder Part J 2013;30:144-63. https://doi.org/10.14356/kona.2013015
  3. Combs GF, McClung JP. The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health. 5th ed. Cambridge, MA, USA: Academic Press; 2016.
  4. Li W, Li B, Lv J, Dong L, Zhang L, Wang T. Choline supplementation improves the lipid metabolism of intrauterine-growth-restricted pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018;31:686-95. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0810
  5. Hill GM, Mahan DC, Carter SD, et al. Effect of pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide with or without the inclusion of an antibacterial agent on nursery pig performance. J Anim Sci 2001;79:934-41. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.794934x
  6. Shelton NW, Tokach MD, Nelssen JL, et al. Effects of copper sulfate, tri-basic copper chloride, and zinc oxide on weanling pig performance. J Anim Sci 2011;89:2440-51. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3432
  7. Zhang G, Xia T, Zhao J, et al. Moderate tetrabasic zinc chloride supplementation improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea incidence in weaned pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020;33:264-76. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0914
  8. Coelho M. Vitamin stability in premixes and feeds: a practical approach in ruminant diets. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium; 2002: FL, USA. pp. 127-45.
  9. Yang P, Wang H, Zhu M, Ma Y. Effects of choline chloride, copper sulfate and zinc oxide on long-term stabilization of microencapsulated vitamins in premixes for weanling piglets. Animals 2019;9:1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121154
  10. Tavcar-Kalcher G, Vengust A. Stability of vitamins in premixes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007;132:148-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.001
  11. Baker DH. Bioavailability of minerals and vitamins. In: Lewis AJ, Southern LL, editors. Swine nutrition. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press; 2001. pp. 357-80.
  12. Standardization Administration of China. Determination of choline chloride in premix. GB/T 17481-2008. Beijing, China: Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; 2008.
  13. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine, National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2012.
  14. Latimer GW. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 19th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2012.
  15. China National Standardization Administration. Feed additive - menadione sodium bisulfite (vitamin K3). GB 7294-2017. Beijing, China: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; 2017.
  16. Chen P, Atkinson R, Wolf WR. Single-laboratory validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic-diode array detector-fluorescence detector/mass spectrometric method for simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins in multivitamin dietary tablets. J AOAC Int 2009;92:680-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.2.680
  17. Tiwari BK, O'Donnell CP, Muthukumarappan K, Cullen PJ. Ascorbic acid degradation kinetics of sonicated orange juice during storage and comparison with thermally pasteurised juice. LWT Food Sci Technol 2009;42:700-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2008.10.009
  18. Goncalves A, Estevinho BN, Rocha F. Microencapsulation of vitamin A: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016;51:7687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.001
  19. Zhuge Q, Klopfenstein CF. Factors affecting storage stability of vitamin a, riboflavin, and niacin in a broiler diet premix. Poult Sci 1986;65:987-94. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650987
  20. Shurson GC, Salzer TM, Koehler DD, Whitney MH. Effect of metal specific amino acid complexes and inorganic trace minerals on vitamin stability in premixes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011;163:200-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.11.001
  21. Whitehead CC. Vitamins in feedstuffs. In: McNab JM, Boorman KN, editors. Poultry feedstuffs: supply, composition and nutritive value. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing; 2002. pp. 181-90.
  22. Rabovsky AB, Komarov AM, Ivie JS, Buettner GR. Minimization of free radical damage by metal catalysis of multivitamin/multimineral supplements. Nutr J 2010;9:61. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-61
  23. Dove CR, Ewan RC. Effect of trace minerals on the stability of vitamin E in swine grower diets. J Anim Sci 1991;69:19942000. https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6951994x
  24. Lu L, Wang RL, Zhang ZJ, Steward FA, Luo X, Liu B. Effect of dietary supplementation with copper sulfate or tribasic copper chloride on the growth performance, liver copper concentrations of broilers fed in floor pens, and stabilities of vitamin E and phytase in feeds. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 138:181-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8623-3
  25. Muhamad N, Yusoff MM, Gimbun J. Thermal degradation kinetics of nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and catechin derived from Averrhoa bilimbi fruits. RSC Adv 2015;5:741327. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA11950B
  26. Manan F, Guevara LV, Ryley J. The stability of all-trans retinol and reactivity towards transition metals. Food Chem 1991;40:43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(91)90018-J
  27. Pinkaew S, Wegmuller R, Hurrell R. Vitamin A stability in triple fortified extruded, artificial rice grains containing iron, zinc and vitamin A. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012;47:221220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03091.x
  28. Mahmoodani F, Perera CO, Fedrizzi B, Abernethy G, Chen H. Degradation studies of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) using HPLC-DAD, UHPLC-MS/MS and chemical derivatization. Food Chem 2017;219:373-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.146
  29. Ahmad I, Anwar Z, Ahmed S, Sheraz MA, Khattak SR. Metal ion mediated photolysis reactions of riboflavin: a kinetic study. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 2017;173:231-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.033
  30. Giannakourou MC, Taoukis PS. Kinetic modelling of vitamin C loss in frozen green vegetables under variable storage conditions. Food Chem 2003;83:33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00033-5
  31. Corradini MG, Peleg M. Prediction of vitamins loss during non-isothermal heat processes and storage with non-linear kinetic models. Trends Food Sci Technol 2006;17:24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.09.004

Cited by

  1. The Stability of Vitamin A from Different Sources in Vitamin Premixes and Vitamin-Trace Mineral Premixes vol.11, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083657
  2. The effect of trace minerals on the stability of retinol acetate, cholecalciferol and selenomethionine stability within premixes vol.9, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3920/jaan2021.0002
  3. Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol Concentrations in Food-Additive Premixes Authorised for Broiler Chickens: Assessing Degree of Agreement with Manufacturers Labelling vol.11, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061797