Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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A Promising Vaccination Strategy against COVID-19 on the Horizon: Heterologous Immunization

  • Mattoo, Sameer-ul-Salam (Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Department of Bioactive Material Science and Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Myoung, Jinjong (Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Department of Bioactive Material Science and Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2021.11.13
  • Accepted : 2021.12.17
  • Published : 2021.12.28
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Abstract

To overcome the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination campaigns are the highest priority of majority of countries. Limited supply and worldwide disproportionate availability issues for the approved vaccines, together with concerns about rare side-effects have recently initiated the switch to heterologous vaccination, commonly known as mixing of vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in the general population. However, none of the vaccines is 100% efficacious or effective, with variants posing more challenges, resulting in breakthrough cases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of immune responses to variants of concern (VOC) and breakthrough infections. Furthermore, we discuss the scope of heterologous vaccination and future strategies to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, including fractionation of vaccine doses and alternative route of vaccination.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The research was supported by the Bio & Medical Techonology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT (2021M3E5E3080533) and by "Research Base Construction Fund Support Program" funded by Jeonbuk National University in 2021.

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