Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

Positive Psychological Capital, Start-Up Intention, Start-Up Behavior Option Network Analysis

네일아트 자격증 학습자의 긍정심리자본, 창업의도, 창업행동 간의 연결망 분석

  • Seo, Ran-Sug (Department of Airline Service at Hoseo University)
  • 서란숙 (호서대학교 항공서비스학과)
  • Received : 2020.11.01
  • Accepted : 2021.02.05
  • Published : 2021.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study studied the network between positive psychology capital, intention of start-up, and start-up behavior for learners who are willing to start a business. The research targets were intended to study the impact of the connection relationship between each variable, targeting nail art certification learners who are willing to start their own businesses. For this study, the measurement variables of positive psychology capital, intention of start-up, and start-up behavior were set, and the collected data were analyzed for connection-centeredness and eigenvector after data collection. The findings are as follows. First, some variables affecting the intention of start-up showed optimism, resilience and hope of positive psychology capital. Second, the intention to start a business was shown to have a significant impact on the behavior of start-ups, which, unlike the preceding study, appeared to be almost outside the network structure, showing that the behavior of start-ups was not significantly affected by other variables. Third, it is important to increase self-efficacy in positive psychological capital in order to increase the behavior of start-ups. Fourth, the analysis of the eigenvactor among positive psychology capital, intention of start-up, and start-up behavior showed optimism as some of the most central variables. In other words, prospective start-ups were found to be aware of the hardships and expected positive results in the future. The implications of this study, along with the intention and behavior of prospective entrepreneurs, are important factors in positive psychology capital, and suggest the importance of various educational programs that can be enhanced by positive psychology capital in start-up education or training programs and what should be taught. In addition, this study analyzed the network by approaching it from the perspective of positive psychology capital of prospective entrepreneurs in order to enhance the effectiveness of support programs for start-ups by the government, public institutions or universities in the future.

본 연구는 창업의지가 있는 학습자를 대상으로 긍정심리자본, 창업의도, 창업행동 간의 연결망에 관하여 연구하였다. 연구대상은 창업의지가 있는 네일아트 자격증 학습자를 대상으로 하여 각 변수 간의 연결 관계에서 어떠한 영향이 있는지를 연구하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 긍정심리자본, 창업의도, 창업행동의 측정변수를 설정하고, 자료수집 후, 수집된 자료를 연결중심성, 고유벡터 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창업의도에 영향을 주는 일부 변수로는 긍정심리자본의 낙관성, 복원력, 희망으로 나타났다. 둘째, 창업의도는 창업행동에 유의한 영향이 있는 것으로 나타나 선행연구와 달리 창업행동은 연결망 구조에서 거의 외곽으로 나타나 다른 변수에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 창업행동을 높이기 위해서는 긍정심리자본에서 자기효능감을 높이는 것이 중요하다. 넷째, 긍정심리자본, 창업의도, 창업행동 간의 고유벡터 분석 결과, 가장 중심성이 높은 변수로 낙관성으로 나타났다. 즉, 예비창업자는 창업 시 고생을 한다는 것을 인지하고 있으며, 그런데도 향후 긍정적인 결과를 기대하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 예비창업자의 창업의도, 창업행동, 긍정심리자본 간의 관계성을 연결망 분석을 통해 연구하였다. 본 연구는 창업행동을 높일 수 있는 다양한 교육프로그램에 관해 무엇이 중요하고, 어떻게 교육을 해야 하는지를 제시하고자 하였다. 또한, 향후 정부와 공공기관 또는 대학의 창업지원 프로그램 효과를 높이기 위해서는 예비창업자의 창업행동을 높이는 관점에서 연구 결과를 도출하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 강경균.이춘우.김주영(2015). 청소년 기업가정신 함양 및 창업 활성화 방안 연구II. 한국청소년개발원 연구보고서, 1-162.
  2. 강영욱.하규수(2013). 소상공인 창업자특성과 창업준비과정이 창업 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 자기효능감 매개효과를 중심으로. 디지털융복합연구, 10(9), 239-251.
  3. 고봉호.신형철(2018). 특급호텔 외식종사원의 창업의도 및 행동 연구: 계획행동이론의 확장을 적용하여. 관광경영연구, 86(0), 19-39.
  4. 곽기영(2017). 소셜네트워크 분석. 서울: 청람.
  5. 김경회.김재석(2010). 창업동기요인이 온라인 교육프로그램 만족도, 재이용 추천의도에 미치는 영향: e-Learning System 참여자를 중심으로. e-비즈니스연구, 11(2), 209-228.
  6. 김대업.성창수(2013). 잠재적 창업가의 예비 창업행동과 사회적 책임의식 간의 관계 : 마이스터고 학생들을 중심으로. 중소기업연구, 35(1), 25-46.
  7. 김미진(2014). 소상공인 지원제도가 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 경기지역 중심으로. 석사학위논문, 호서대학교.
  8. 김춘근.이층석.김진수(2014). 기술창업기업 초기 성과에 미치는 영향요인 분석 : 청년창업사관학교 졸업 기업을 대상으로. 기업경영연구, 57, 63-86.
  9. 박권홍(2011). 긍정심리자본과 리더십 성과. 박사학위 논문, 숭실대학교 대학원.
  10. 서성열.윤종록.김광민(2017). 청년 창업지원시스템이 대학생의 창업의지에 미치는 영향 : 창의성의 조절효과 검증. 전문경영인연구, 20(4), 527-546.
  11. 선량.허철무(2019). 예비청년창업가의 창업동기가 창업기회역량에 미치는 영향 : 창업효능감과 기업가지향성의 매개변수의 효과중심으로. 벤처창업연구, 14(1), 117-137.
  12. 원상필.조근태(2018). 정부와 대학의 창업지원프로그램이 대학생들의 기술창업 의지에 미치는 영향 : 기업가정신과 4차 산업혁명 인식의 매개효과. 한국창업학회지, 13(2). 1-28.
  13. 이상화.하규수(2015). 창업가정신, 창업역량이 창업만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 플로우(Flow)경험의 조절효과를 중심으로. 벤처창업연구, 10(5), 137-150.
  14. 이희승.정완규(2019). 피아노 학원(교습소)의 창업 위험인식이 창업의도 및 창업행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 음악교수법연구, 20(2), 195-215.
  15. 임아름(2015). 청년창업가의 역량이 창업행동과 창업성과에 미치는 영향. 박사학위 논문, 조선대학교 대학원.
  16. 임태홍(2013). 운동이 긍정심리 자본에 미치는 영향. 박사학위 논문, 세종대학교 대학원.
  17. 최용득.이동섭(2011). 긍정심리자본의 효과. 한국인사조직학회 발표논문집, 74-100.
  18. 최용득.정흥준.이동섭(2012). 리더의 유머사용과 구성원의 성과 및 행복 : 리더신뢰의 조절효과와 긍정심리자본의 매개효과. 경영학연구, 41(3), 575-605.
  19. 하규수.윤백중(2011). 대학생의 창업 성공과 실패에 대한 인식이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 한국산학기술학회논문지, 12(8), 3406-3414.
  20. Ajzen, I.(1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  21. Ajzen, I.(1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
  22. Avolio, B., & Luthans, F.(2008). The high impact leader. McGraw Hill Professional.
  23. Baron, R.(2009). The Role of Affect in the Entrepreneurial Process. Academy of Management Review, 33, 328-340. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2008.31193166
  24. Bird, B.(1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas : The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1988.4306970
  25. Carter, N., Gartner, W., Shaver, K. G., & Gatewood, E.(2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs, Journal of Business venturing, 18(1), 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00078-2
  26. Choi, Y, D., & Lee, D. S.(2011). Effects of Positive Psychological Capital. Korean Academy Of Management presentation thesis book, 74-100.
  27. Choi, Y. D., Jung, H. J., & Lee, D. S.(2012). Leader's Use of Humor and Employees' Performance and Work Happiness : The Moderating Role of Trust in Leader and the Mediating Role of Positive Psychological Capital. Korean Management Review, 41(3), 575-605.
  28. Davidsson, P., & Henreksson, M.(2002). Institutional determinants of the prevalence of startups and high-growth firms : Evidence from Sweden. Small Business Economics, 19(2), 81-104. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016264116508
  29. Davidsson, P.(2004). Researching Entrepreneurship. New York: Springer.
  30. Ha, K. S., & Yeon, B. S.(2011). Recognition of Business Failure and Success of Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students. Journal of Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 12(8), 3406-3414. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2011.12.8.3406
  31. Hobfoll, S. E.(2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of general psychology, 6(4), 307. https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.6.4.307
  32. Kang, K. K., Lee, C. W., & Kim, J. Y.(2015). Study on Measures to Develop Entrepreneurship Education Model and to Encourage start-up for Youth. Korea Youth Development Institute Research Report, 1-162.
  33. Kang, Y. Y., & Ha, K. S.(2013). Characteristics of Small Business Start-Up and Effect of Preparation of Small Business Start-up on Business Performance : Focusing on Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy. Journal of Digital Convergence, 10(9), 239-251. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2012.10.9.239
  34. Kim, C. S., Lee, C. S., & Kim, J. S.(2014). Analysis of Factors Influencing the Early Performance of Technology-Based Start-ups. Korean Corporation Management Review, 57, 63-86.
  35. Kim, D. U., & Sung, C. S.(2013). Relationship Between Potential Entrepreneurs' Entrepreneurial Nascent Behavior and Intention of Social Responsibility : Focus on Meister School Students. Small and Medium Business Research, 35(1), 25-46.
  36. Kim, K. H., & Kim, J. S.(2010). The Effect of Motivation on Satisfaction & Reuse, Recommended Intention Among Entrepreneurial Start-up Program : Focused on Participant of e-Learning System. The e-Business Studies, 11(2), 209-228. https://doi.org/10.15719/geba.11.2.201006.209
  37. Kim, M. J.(2014). Support Programs for Business Performances of Small Enterprises : Focusing on Gyeonggi Area. Master's thesis, Hoseo University.
  38. Ko, B. H., & Shin, H. C.(2018). A Study on Deluxe Hotel Foodservice Employee's Entrepreneurial Intention and Behavior: By using Extension about Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 86(0), 19-39.
  39. Krueger, R. F., Schmutte, P. S., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Campbell, K., & Silva, P. A.(1994). Personality traits are linked to crime among men and women: Evidence from a birth cohort. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(2), 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.103.2.328
  40. Kwak, G. Y.(2017). Social network analysis. Seoul: Cheongram.
  41. Lee, H. S., & Chung, W. K.(2019). The Influences of Entrepreneurial Risk Recognition on Entrepreneurial Intention and Behavior. Research in Music Pedagogy, 20(2), 195-215.
  42. Lee, S. H., & Ha, K. S.(2015). A Study on the Influence of Entrepreneurship and Start-up Competency on Entrepreneurial Satisfaction: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Flow Experience. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(5), 137-150. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.10.5.201510.137
  43. Lim, A. R.(2015). The effect of youth entrepreneurs' competence on entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial performanc. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Chosun University.
  44. Lim, T. H.(2013). Effect of Exercise on Positive Psychological Capital. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Sejong University.
  45. Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M.(2004). Human, Social, and Now Positive Psychological Capital Management: Investing in People for Competitive Advantage. Organizational dynamics, 33(2), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.01.003
  46. Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G. R., & Lester, P. B.(2006). Developing the psychological capital of resiliency. Human Resource Development Review, 5(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484305285335
  47. Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J.(2007). Psychological capital. Translation of Kim, G. H., Kim, J. G., & Park, S. M.(2012). Positive psychological capital, Seoul: Lux Media.
  48. Park, K. H.(2011). Positive Psychological Capital and Leadership Performance. Doctoral dissertation, Soongsil University Graduate School.
  49. Reynolds, P. D.(2007). New firm creation in the United States: A PSED 1 overview. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 1-150. https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000010
  50. Ronstadt, R.(1985). The Educated Entrepreneurs: A New Era of Entrepreneurial Education Beginning. American Journal of Small Business, 11(4). 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878501000102
  51. Schein, E. H.(1996). Career anchors revisited: Implications for career development in the 21st century. Academy of Management Executive, 10, 80-88.
  52. Seligman, M. E. P.(2002). Authentic happiness. Translation of Kim I. J.(2006). Positive Psychology, Seoul: Mulpure.
  53. Seligman, M. E.(2000). The positive perspective. The Gallup Review, 3(1), 2-7.
  54. Seo, S. Y., Youn, J. R., & Kim, K. M.(2017). The Effects of Young Startup Support System for Start-Up Intention of University Students : Creativity as a Moderator. Journal of CEO and Management Studies, 20(4), 527-546.
  55. Shan, L., & Heo, C. M.(2019). Effects of Entrepreneurship Motivation on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Competence in Preliminary Young Entrepreneurs: Focusing on Mediating Effects Of Entrepreneurial Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Orientation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 117-137. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.14.1.201902.117
  56. Shane, S., & Khurana, R.(2003). Bringing individuals back in: the effects of career experience on new firm founding. Industrial and Corporate Change, 12(3), 519-543. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/12.3.519
  57. Shapero, A., & Sokol, L.(1982). The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship, Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  58. Sheeran, P.(2002). Intention-behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European review of social psychology, 12(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792772143000003
  59. Sheldon, K. M., & King, L.(2001). Why positive psychology is necessary. American psychologist, 56(3), 216-217. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.56.3.216
  60. Stevenson, H., & Jarillo, J.(1990). A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial Management, Management Journal, 11, 17-27.
  61. Veciana, J. M., Aponte, M., & Urbano, D.(2005). University students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship: A two countries comparison. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-005-1127-5
  62. Won, S. P., & Cho, K. T.(2018). The Effects of Business Incubator Programs of Government and Universities on College Students' Entrepreneurial Intention of Technology Start-Ups: Entrepreneurship and Perception of the Fourth Industrial Revolution as the Mediators. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Society, 13(2), 1-28.