Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Acorn Production and Characteristics of Quercus acuta Thunb - Focused on Wando, Jindo and Haenam in Jeollanam-do, Korea -

붉가시나무의 종실 생산량 및 형질특성 - 전라남도 완도, 진도, 해남을 중심으로 -

  • Kim, Sodam (Division of Plant Resources, Korea National Arboretum) ;
  • Park, In-Hyeop (Dept. of Forest Resources, Sunchon National Univ.)
  • 김소담 (국립수목원 식물자원연구과) ;
  • 박인협 (국립순천대학교 산림자원.조경학부)
  • Received : 2021.08.09
  • Accepted : 2021.10.26
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze acorn production and characteristics of the Quercus acuta Thunb. according to the need for information on seed supply and seedling cultivation during the restoration of warm broad-leaved forests. For the survey, a total of 30 seed traps with a surface area of 1 m2 were set up, 3 in each of 10 quadrats (8 in Wando, 1 in Haenam, and 1 in Jindo). The acorns that fell in the seed trap at the end of each month were collected from August to December each year between 2013 to 2016. The collected acorns were then classified into sound, damaged, decayed, or empty grade, and the number of acorns produced was calculated. In the case of sound acorns, acorn traits, such as length, diameter and weight of acorns without cupule, were measured. Duncan's multiple tests of acorn production and characteristics were conducted for comparative analysis of the annual average values with the values by year, stand, month, and treatment plot. The annual number of acorn dropped into the seed traps in each quadrat from 2013 to 2016 was 5-350 acorns/3 m2 in 2013, 17-551 acorns/3 m2 in 2014, 5-454 acorns/3 m2 in 2015, and 14-705 acorns/3 m2 in 2016. There was a large difference in acorn production between the quadrats, presumably attributed to the difference in the amount of light received due to the density of trees in the square. Annual acorn production per area was 335,000 acorns/ha in 2013, 932,000 acorns/ha in 2014, 556,000 acorns/ha in 2015, and 1,037,000 acorns/ha in 2016. That was a sharp variation of acorn production in the two-year cycle. As the fluctuation in the production of Q. acuta showed simultaneity between stands, it is judged that Quercus acuta Thunb. had a clear cycle of fruitfulness and fruitiness between forest objects. September showed the biggest amount of fallen acorns and largest damage from insect pests, indicating that preventing early fall of acorns could increase the fruiting period and enable mass production of sound acorns. There was no significant difference between annual average acorn length in each region. In the case of the acorn diameter and weight, the average values of acorns from Haenam were significantly higher than those from Wando and Jindo. There was no significant difference in the average annual acorn characteristics by month, and the average annual acorn length, diameter, and weight in November were 19.72mm, 12.23mm, and 1.64g, respectively, the highest between August and November.

전남지역의 완도, 진도, 해남을 대상으로 난대상록활엽수림 복원 시 붉가시나무 종실 공급과 묘목 양성에 대한 정보 필요성에 따라 붉가시나무의 종실 생산량 및 종실 형질 특성을 조사 분석하였다. 조사 분석을 위해 표면적 1m2의 종자 트랩을 10개(완도 8개, 해남 1개, 진도 1개) 방형구에 방형구 당 3개씩 총 30개를 설치하였다. 2013년부터 2016년까지 매년 8월에서 12월까지 매월 말 종자 트랩 내로 낙하한 종실을 수거하였으며, 낙하 종실을 수거해 건전, 충해, 부후, 쭉정이 등으로 구분 후 종실 생산량을 산정하였다. 건전 종실의 경우 각두를 제거한 종실의 길이, 지름, 무게 등 종실 형질을 측정하였다. 조사한 종실 생산량 및 종실 형질은 연별, 임분별, 월별, 처리구별 등을 연평균 값 비교분석을 위해 Duncan의 다중검정 등을 실시하였다. 각 방형구 내 종자 트랩 낙하 종실량은 2013년에 5~350립/3m2, 2014년에 17~551립/3m2, 2015년에 5~454립/3m2, 2016년에 14~705립/3m2로 방형구 간에 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 방형구내 임목 밀도 등으로 인한 수광량의 유입차로 추정진다. 전체 연도별 종실 생산량을 ha당 산정한 결과 각각 2013년에 335,000립, 2014년에 932,000립, 2015년에 556,000립, 2016년에 1,037,000립이었으며, 2년을 주기로 다소 차이가 나타났다. 종실 생산량 증감은 임분 간 동시성을 보여 붉가시나무는 임목 개체 간 결실 풍흉 및 결실 시기의 주기성이 뚜렷한 것으로 판단된다. 9월에 가장 많은 종실이 낙하하였으나 충해종실의 피해 또한 많은 것으로 나타나 종실의 조기 낙하를 방제한다면 결실 기간을 높여 충실 종실의 대량생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 지역별 연평균 종실 길이의 경우 유의성이 없었으며, 종실 지름과 종실 무게의 경우 해남 종실이 완도, 진도 종실에 비해 유의적으로 평균값이 높게 나타났다. 월별 연평균 종실 형질은 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 11월의 연평균 종실 길이, 지름, 무게가 각각 19.72mm, 12.23mm, 1.64g으로 8월~11월 중 최대치를 보였다.

Keywords

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