DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Genotoxicity Study of ChondroT

ChondroT의 유전독성 연구

  • Kim, Sun-Gil (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University) ;
  • Kim, Joo Il (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Hoon (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University) ;
  • Yoon, Chan Suk (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University) ;
  • Jeong, Ji-Won (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University) ;
  • Na, Chang-Su (Department of Meridian and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Jong (Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University)
  • 김선길 (동신대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 김주일 (동신대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 김지훈 (동신대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 윤찬석 (동신대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 정지원 (동신대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실) ;
  • 나창수 (동신대학교 한의과대학 경락경혈학회) ;
  • 김선종 (동신대학교 한의과대학 한방재활의학과교실)
  • Received : 2020.09.15
  • Accepted : 2020.09.21
  • Published : 2021.01.31

Abstract

Objectives This study was performed to observe the genotoxic effect of the ChondroT. Methods To evaluate the genotoxicity of ChondroT, an experiment of bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test and mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test in mouse was conducted. Results TA98, TA100 and TA1537 strains in the absence of metabolic activation system (S9 mix), the number of revertant colonies being greater than 2-fold of the respective negative control value. Both in -S9 mix and +S9 mix, the frequencies of aberration cells with structural aberration and numerical aberrations of chromosome were less than 5%. There was no increase of polychromatic erythrocyte with one or more micronuclei at any dose of test substance compared to the negative control group (p<0.05). Conclusions In TA98, TA100 and TA1537 strains in the absence of metabolic activation system (S9 mix), the number of revertant colonies was greater than 2-fold of the respective negative control value, showing positive results. ChondroT was considered to be non-clastogenic to Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cells under the present experimental condition. and ChondroT was determined not to induce an increased frequency of micronuclei in the bone marrow cells of male ICR mice under the present experimental condition.

Keywords

References

  1. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Notice No. 2017-71, Partially Amended and Enforced on Aug 30. [Internet] 2017 [cited 2019 Jan 24]. Available from: URL:https://mfds.go.kr/eng/brd/m_18/view.do?seq=71459&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=&srchTp=&itm_seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&multi_itm_seq=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&page=1.
  2. Kim JH, Ahn IY, Noh JY, Park SE, Yi JS, Koh KY, Shon SJ, Lee JK. Recent trend of international guidelines for genotoxicity testing. The Korean Society of Food, Drug and Cosmetic Regulatory Sciences. 2016; 11(2):201-9.
  3. Hwang SY, Lee JR, Kim SC, Jee SY. A study on genotoxicity test of Hyeong-gae-yeon-gyo-tang extract. Kor J Herbology. 2017;22(4):287-300.
  4. Akiba K, Onodera K, Kisara K, Fujikura H. Interaction of d-pseudoephedrine with water soluble extracts of Platycodi Radix on acute toxicity. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1979;75:201-6. https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.75.201
  5. Lee JE, Nam SY, Yun YW, Lee BJ, Kim DJ. Four-week repeated-dose toxicity study on Pinellia Extract. Korean J Lab Anim Sci. 2003;19(3):127-41.
  6. Ha AW, Kang HJ, Kim SL, Kim MH, Kim WK. Genotoxicity studies on Corn silk extract containing high Maysin. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2017;46(9):1045-52. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2017.46.9.1045
  7. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Scientific opinion on genotoxicity testing strategies applicable to food and feed safety assessment. EFSA J. 2011;9(9). DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2379.
  8. Kim YH, Lee JH. CheongKangEuiGam. Seoul:Seongbosa. 2001:315.
  9. Choi W, Choi CH, Kim YR, Kim SJ, Na CS, Lee H. HerDing: herb recommendation system to treat diseases using genes and chemicals. Database. 2016. DOI:10.1093/database/baw011.
  10. Park JU, Kim SJ, Na CS, Choi CH, Seo CS, Son JK, Kang BY, Kim YR. Chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of ChondroT, a new complex herbal medication. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;16:213. DOI:10.1186/s12906-016-1211-0.
  11. Kim WI, Park SB, Choi CH, Kim YR, Park IK, Seo CS, Youn DH, Shin W, Lee YM, Choi DH, Kim MR, Lee HJ, Kim SJ, Na CS. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the new Ganghwaljetongyeum on adjuvant-induced inflammatory arthritis in rats. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016:1-10. DOI:10.1155/2016/1230294.
  12. Won JY, Jung JW, Na CS, Kim SJ. Analgesic effects of ChondroT in collagenase-induced osteoarthritis rat model. J Korean Med Rehabil. 2016;26(3):17-30. DOI:10.18325/jkmr.2016.26.3.17.
  13. Jung JW. Bae KJ, Kim SG, Kwak DW, Moon YJ, Choi CH, Kim YR, Na CS, Kim SJ. Anti-osteoarthritic effects of ChondroT in a rat model of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. BioMed Central. 2018;18(1):131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1715-x
  14. Bae KJ, Jeong JW, Choi CH, Won JY, Kim TG, Kim YR, Na CS, Kim SJ. Antiosteoarthritic effects of ChondroT in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetateinduced osteoarthritis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018:1-11. DOI:10.1155/2018/8565132.
  15. Kim SG, Jeong JW, Lim YH, Kim JH, Na CS, Kim SJ. A study on the anti-condensing effect of ChondroT components. J Korean Med Rehabil. 2018;28(2):47-60. DOI:10.18325/jkmr.2018.28.2.47.
  16. Oh DR, Kim JR, Choi CY, Choi CH, Na CS, Kang BY, Kim SJ, Kim YR. Effects of ChondroT on potassium oxonateinduced hyperuricemic mice: downregulation of xanthine oxidase and urate transporter 1. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019;19(1). DOI:10.1186/s12906-018-2415-2.
  17. Guo RH, Kim SJ, Choi CH, Na CS, Kang BY, Kim YR. Inhibitory effects of ChondroT and its constituent herbs on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019;19(1): 319. DOI:10.1186/s12906-019-2737-8.
  18. Lim YH, Jeong JW, Kim SG, Kim JH, Kim SJ. DRF and single dose oral toxicity study of ChondroT in rat. J Korean Med Rehabil. 2018;28(2):61-72. DOI:10.18325/jkmr.2018.28.2.61.
  19. Jeong JW, Bae KJ, Kim JH, Choi CH, Na CS, Park MK, Kim YR, Seo CS, Kim SJ. A 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity study of ChondroT in Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Complementary and Alternatice Medicine. 2019:19:367. DOI:10.1186/s12906-019-2773-4.
  20. Abraham J. International conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. In: Tietje C, Brouder A, eds. Handbook of transnational economic governance regimes. Brill Nijhoff Epub. 2010. DOI:10.1163/ej.9789004163300.i-1081.897.
  21. National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation. Guideline: Good Laboratory Practice for Medicine. 2015:2.
  22. Eskes C, Whelan M. Validating alternative methods for toxicity testing. New York, NY:Springer Science+Business Media. 2016.
  23. OECD. OECD guideline testing of chemicals No. 471 Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test. 2001.
  24. OECD. OECD guideline testing of chemicals No. 473 in vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test. 2001.
  25. OECD. OECD guideline testing of chemicals No. 474 Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test. 2001.
  26. Maron DE, Ames BN. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test, Mutation Res. 1983;113:173-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(83)90010-9
  27. Ames BN, McCann J, Yamasaki E. Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella mammalianmicrosome mutagenicity test. Mutation Research. 1975;31(6):347-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(75)90046-1
  28. Bae JS, Harold S, Freeman HS. Evaluation of New Metallized direct dyes for mutagenicity using the Salmonella Mammalian mutagenicity assay. Fibers and Polymers. 2005;6(3):235-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02875648
  29. Prival MJ, Zeiger E. Chemicals mutagenic in Salmonella Typhimurium strain TA1535 but not in TA100. Mutation Research. 1998;412(3):251-60. DOI:10.1016/s1383-5718(97)00196-4.
  30. Maron DM, Ames BN. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Res. 1983;113:173-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(83)90010-9
  31. Robert F, Goto S, Tanabe K, Morita M. Genotoxic activity of chlorinated butenoic acids in Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA104. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 1998;417(1):31-7. DOI:10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00092-8.
  32. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Guidebook: Test standards for toxicity of medicines, etc. [Internet] 2013 [cited 2017 May 31]. Available from: URL:https://mfds.go.kr/brd/m_210/view.do?seq=12255&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=&srchTp=&itm_seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&multi_itm_seq=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&page=101.