Journal of the Korea Convergence Society (한국융합학회논문지)

Korea Convergence Society (한국융합학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study on the Perception of Art Therapists on the Therapeutic Alliance and Professional competencies in Art Therapy

미술치료에서 치료적 동맹과 전문적 역량에 관한 미술치료사의 인식 연구

  • Kim, Hee-Jeong (Major in Clinical Art Therapy, Graduate School of CHA University) ;
  • Chung, Yeo-Ju (Graduate School of Art Therapy, Cha University)
  • 김희정 (차의과학대학교 임상미술치료학과) ;
  • 정여주 (차의과학대학교 미술치료대학원)
  • Received : 2021.10.08
  • Accepted : 2021.12.20
  • Published : 2021.12.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This research was designed to provide the materials helpful for art therapy education and art therapist training by exploring the intervention processes and professional competency factors of art therapists which facilitate therapeutic alliance through the art therapists' actual clinical experiences. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with 9 art therapists, and analysis of the materials was divided into 5 sections and 41 categories using Consensus Qualitative Analysis (CQR). According to study results, the art therapist's intervention process for the promotion of therapeutic alliance signifies the structuralization of a safe environment through basic items of consideration for a therapeutic alliance and the three dimensions of its composition, and the art therapist's professional capacity interacts with the art therapists intervention factor to directly and indirectly affect the therapeutic alliance. Subsequently, it is essential for art therapists to reinforce their professional abilities relevant to conceptualizing unique individual cases with clinical problems, sufficient clinical experiences, the ability to utilize art as therapeutic treatment, and efforts to maintain professional capabilities for therapeutic purposes. The significance of this research lies in presenting the materials to be used in educating and training the art therapists by deriving the developmental tasks necessary for structuralizing the facilitation of the therapeutic alliance and strengthening the professional expertise of the art therapist.

본 연구는 미술치료사들의 실제 임상 경험을 통해 치료적 동맹을 촉진하는 미술치료사의 개입 과정 및 전문적 역량 요소들을 탐색하여 미술치료 교육과 미술치료사 수련에 도움이 되는 자료를 제공하려는 목적으로 실시되었다. 이를 위해 9명의 미술치료사를 대상으로 심층 면담을 실시하였고, 자료 분석은 합의적 질적 분석(CQR)을 사용하여 5개 영역과 41개 범주로 정리되었다. 연구 결과, 치료적 동맹 촉진을 위한 미술치료사의 개입 과정은 치료적 동맹을 위해 기본적으로 고려할 사항과 치료적 동맹을 구성하는 세 가지 차원을 토대로 안전한 환경으로 구조화하는 것을 의미하며, 미술치료사의 전문적인 역량은 치료적 동맹을 위한 미술치료사의 개입 요인들과 상호작용하여 치료적 동맹 효과에 직·간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 미술치료사는 치료적 동맹을 촉진하기 위해 임상적인 문제를 가진 독특한 개별 사례를 개념화할 수 있는 능력, 풍부한 임상경험, 미술을 치료적으로 활용할 수 있는 능력, 치료적 대상으로 존재하기 위한 노력 등과 관련된 전문적인 역량 강화가 필요하다고 본다. 본 연구는 미술치료에서 치료적 동맹을 촉진시키기 위한 구조화와 미술치료사의 전문성 강화에 필요한 발달과제들을 도출하여 미술치료사의 교육과 훈련에 활용될 자료를 제시했다는데 의의가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. S. H. Lee, W. S. Choi & Y. S. Kim. (2017). The Status and Prospects of Art Therapists in Korea. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 24(1), 43-69. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2017.24.1.003
  2. Y. S. Lee, E. Y. Choi & M. Kong. (2017). Classifying Therapeutic Factors of Art Therapy Focusing on Supervisor of Art Therapy. Korean Journal of Art Therapy. 24(1), 71-95. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2017.24.1.004
  3. S. Freud. (1912/1966). The dynamic of transference. In J. Strachey(Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 12, London: Hogarth.
  4. E. S. Bordin. (1975). The working alliance: Basis for a general theory of psychotherapy. Washington, DC: Society for Psychotherapy Research.
  5. B. E. Wampold & S. L. Budge. (2012). The 2011 Leona Tyler Award Address: The Relationship-and Its Relationship to the Common and Specific Factors of Psychotherapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(4), 601-623. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000011432709
  6. P. C. Mohl, d. Martinez, C. Ticknor, M. Huang & L. Cordell. (1991). Early dropouts from psychotherapy. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorder, 179, 478-481. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199108000-00005
  7. T. L. Sexton & S. C. Whiston. (1994). The status of the counseling relationship: An empirical review, theoretical implications, and research directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 22(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000094221002
  8. P. Petersen. (2000). Der Therapeut als Kunstler. Hannover. Mayer.
  9. E. S. Bordin. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, research & practice, 16(3), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085885
  10. D. M. Kivlighan. (1990). Relation between counselors use of intentions and client's perception of working alliance. Journal of Counseling psychology, 37, 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.37.1.27
  11. A. Bachelor & A. Horvath. (1999). The therapeutic relationship. In M. A. Hubble, B. L. Duncan, & S. D. Miller (Eds), The beart and soul of change: What works in therapy (pp. 133-178). Washington, DC: American PSychological Association.
  12. G. S. Kim, K. M. Lee & H. H. Jeong. (2018). Differences in the Perception of the Role of the Art Therapist between Art Therapists and Welfare Institution Staff. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 25(3), 289-305. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2018.25.3.002
  13. J. Schaverien. (2000). The triangular relationship and the aesthetic countertransference in analytical art psychotherapy. In A. Gilroy, & G. McNeilly(Eds.), The changing shape of art therapy: New developments in theory and practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  14. C. A. Malchiodi. (1998). Understanding Children's Drawings. New York: The Guildford Press.
  15. G. Schmeer. (2006). Krisen auf dem lebensweg/ J. A. Kim & Y. J. Jeong. (2011). Krisen aufdem lebensweg. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  16. J. Isserow. (2008). Looking together: Joint attention in art therapy. International Journal of Art Therapy, 13(1), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/17454830802002894
  17. J. Benjamin. (1999). Recognition and destruction: An outline of intersubjectivity. In N. J. Skolnick & S. C. Warshaw (Eds.), Relational perspectives in psychoanalysis: The emergence of a tradition Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press. (Original work piblished 1990).
  18. R. Stolorow, B. Brandschaf, & G. Atwood. (1987). Psychoanalytic treatment : An Intersubjective Approach. Hillsdale NJ: The Analytic Press. 1-14.
  19. H. R. Won. (2016). The Importance and Practical Application of Art-Based Supervision in Art Therapy: A Review. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 23(6), 1625-1642. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2016.23.6.005
  20. M. S. Park & S. N. Choi. (2018). An Autobiographical Inquiry on the Therapeutic Flow of Art Therapists. Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, 25(3), 503-524.
  21. Y. S. Hong. (2017). A Study of Art Therapist Self-Efficacy: A Concept Map. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 24(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2017.24.1.001
  22. G. Holmqvist, A. Roxberg, I. Larsson & C. Lundqvist-Persson. (2017). What art therapists consider to be patient's inner change and how it may appear during art therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 56, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.07.005
  23. E. Heynen, J. Roeste, G. Willemars & S. Hooren. (2017). Therapeutic alliance is a factor of change in arts therapies and psychomotor therapy with adults who have mental health problems. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 55, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.05.006
  24. J. Y. Lee. (2015). A phenomenological study on lived experience of clients resistance of art therapists. Graduate School of Yeungnam University.
  25. D. Y. Kang & G. S. Kim. (2018). The Relationship Between Client Resistance and Working Alliance Perceived by Art Therapists: The Mediation Effect of the Art Therapist's Countertransference Management. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 25(5), 589-608. https://doi.org/10.35594/KATA.2018.25.5.001
  26. B, S, Jang. (2017). Art Therapy Through Modern Art: A Case Study. The Korean Society of Illustration Research, 18(51), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.37379/JKSIR.2017.51.6
  27. M. Rankanen. (2014). Clients' positive and negative experiences of experiential art therapy group process. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41, 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2014.02.006
  28. C. H. Moon. (2002). Studio Art Therapy; Cultivating the Artist Identity in the Art Therapist. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publisher. Ltd.
  29. K. J. Choi, (2013). Therapeutic Relation Types in Art Therapy. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 20(5), 865-883. https://doi.org/10.35594/KATA.2013.20.5.001
  30. C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson & E. Nutt-Williams. (1997). A Guide to Conducting Consensual Qualitative Research. The Counseling Psychologist, 25(4), 517-572. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000097254001
  31. korean-arttherapy. http://www.korean-arttherapy.or.kr
  32. N. Schwarz, S. Snir & D. Regev. (2018). The Therapeutic Presence of the Art Therapist. Art Therapy, 35(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2018.1459115
  33. M. Bat-Or & D. Garti. (2019). Art therapist's perceptions of the role of the art medium in the treatment of bereaved clients in art therapy. Taylor & Francis, 43(3), 193-203.
  34. D. Y. Kang & G. S. Kim. (2018). The Relationship Between Client Resistance and Working Alliance Perceived by Art Therapists: The Mediation Effect of the Art Therapist's Countertransference Management. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 25(5), 589-608. https://doi.org/10.35594/KATA.2018.25.5.001
  35. C. Y. Kim. (2016). The Effects of Art therapist's Careers on Counter-transference Management Ability and Counter-transference Utilization (Focus on the Intermediary Effects of Internal State Awareness). Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 23(6), 1603-1623. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2016.23.6.004
  36. S. G. Ok & S. N. Choi. (2018). The Study on Art Therapists' Experience in Educational Analysis. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 25(1), 63-82. https://doi.org/10.35594/KATA.2018.25.1.004
  37. J. M. Bernard & R. K. Goodyear. (2004). Fundamentals of clinical supervision/ Y. G. Yoo, K. Y. Bang. (2013). Fundamentals of clinical supervision. Seoul: Sigmapress.
  38. E. S. Park & Y. S. Hong. (2013). A Study on the Current Situation, Perception, and Satisfaction-level of Art Therapists in Supervisory Work. Journal of Arts Psychotherapy, 9(2), 91-115.
  39. N. Rogers. (1993). The creative connection : expressive arts as healing/ J. M. Lee, M. H. Jeon & T. Y. Jeon. (2007). The creative connection : expressive arts as healing. Seoul: Sigma Press.
  40. N. Hass-Cohen, R. Carr. (2008). Art therapy and clinical neuroscience/ Y. S. KIm, H. R. Won, Y. H. Park, S. S. An. (2011). Art therapy and clinical neuroscience. Seoul: Sigma Press.
  41. E. Kramer. (2001). Art as therapy: Collected Papers/ H. H. Kim & D. Y. Lee (2011). Art as Therapy: Collected Papers. Seoul: Sigma Press
  42. H. J. Kim. (2013). An Analysis on Interpersonal Relationship Discovered by the Alternate Drawing Technique in Art Therapy. Journal of Arts Psychotherapy, 9(4), 145-169.
  43. P. Benne & J. Wrubel. (1982). Skilled clinical knowledge: The value of perceptual awareness, part 2. Journal of Nursing Administration, 12, 28-33. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-315X.2012.01.012
  44. J. Martin, A. G. Slemon, B. Hiebert, E. T. Halberg & A. L .Cummings. (1989). Conceptualizations of novice and experienced counselor. Journal of counseling Psychology, 36, 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.36.4.395
  45. J. M. Jenson. (2005). Connecting science to intervention: Advances, challenges, and the promise of evidence-based practice. Social Work Research, 29, 131-135. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/29.3.131
  46. T. M. Skovholt. (2001). The resilient practitioner: Burnout prevention and self-care strategies for counselors, therapists, teachers, and health professionals/ S. K. Yoo, J. Y. Ryu, Y. J. Lee & S. K. Kim. (2003). The resilient practitioner: Burnout prevention and self-care strategies for counselors, therapists, teachers, and health professionals. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  47. H. J. Park & M. O. Seo. (2014). A Comparative Study on the Case Conceptualization through Projective Psychological Test Material between Beginning and Experienced Counselors. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 21(6), 1283-1304. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2014.21.6.007
  48. S. Y. Jang & S. N. Choi. (2014). A study on the experience of child art therapists - Based on a focus group interview-. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 21(4), 623-642. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2014.21.4.001
  49. S. H. Youn & S. N. Choi. (2015). A Study on the Experiences of Art Therapists Specializing in Adolescents- Based on a Focus Group Interview-. Korean J ournal of Art Therapy, 22(2), 409-432. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2015.22.2.007
  50. P. Benner. (1982). From novice to expert. American Journal of Nursing, 402-407.
  51. B. L. Moon. (2006). Ethical issues in art therapy/ Y. H. Lee, J. E. Oh, N. Y. Lim, Y. S. Hong, M. Kwon. (2011). Ethical issues in art therapy. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  52. G. Schmeer. (1998). (Das)ich im Bild/ J. A. Kim & Y. J. Jeong. (2006). (Das)ich im Bild. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  53. M. S. Choi. (2014). Approach on what professionalism of art therapist and education for art therapists-especially as practician. Journal of Arts Psychotherapy, 10(4), 169-192.
  54. S. N. Choi. (2019) A Narrative Inquiry About the Experiences of Art Therapists' Self-Works. Korean Journal of Art Therapy. 26(1), 187-210. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2019.26.1.008
  55. I. D. Yalom. (2009). The gift of therapy/ Y. Y. Choi, S. M. Cheon, C. D. Kim, H. N. Choi. (2005). The gift of therapy. Seoul: Sigma Press.
  56. D. A. Schon. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professional think in action. New York: Basic Books.
  57. C. Malchiodi & S. Riley. (1996). Supervision and related issues: A handbook for professionals. IL: Magnolia street publishers
  58. B. J. Fish. (2012). Response art: The art of the art therapist. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 29(3), 138-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2012.701594
  59. M. J. Kim & M. C. Kim. (2019). Myeung-chan Autoethnography on the Intersubjective Experience of an Art Therapist with Trauma Experience. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 26(3), 467-485. https://doi.org/10.35594/KATA.2019.26.3.002
  60. N. J. Lee & S. H. Kim. (2016). A Research on Lived Experiences of Art Therapists Working with a Client with Traumatic Experience. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 23(5), 1493-1515. https://doi.org/10.35594/kata.2016.23.5.012