DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Psychometric Properties of the Subjective Agingwell Scale

주관적 에이징웰 척도의 타당화

  • Hong, Ji-Woong (Department of Human Resource Development, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Ju, Haewon (Major of Psychological Sciences, Andong National University)
  • 홍지웅 (중앙대학교 인적자원개발학과) ;
  • 주해원 (국립안동대학교 심리과학전공)
  • Received : 2021.10.01
  • Accepted : 2021.11.20
  • Published : 2021.11.28

Abstract

The purpose of the current study is to to examine the psychometric properties of the Subjective Agingwell Scale (SAS). Three hundred and forty two elders completed the SAS and the scales assessing subjective well-being, optimism, perceived control and adhering to healthy behavior. The 11-item SAS that displays good internal reliability and good fit to the three-factor model consisting of cognitive satisfaction, positive affect, and spiritual fullness. Correlational analyses with measures of subjective agingwell, subjective well-being, and optimism provide evidence for construct validity. Moreover, the results from hierarchical regression analyses show criterion-related validity of the SAS. This scale could be used in the field to measure and promote subjective agingwell.

본 연구는 노년의 행복을 측정하기 위해 개발된 주관적 에이징웰 척도(Subjective Agingwell Scale: SAS)를 타당화하고자 하였다. 척도의 타당성을 검증하기 위해, 수도권에 거주하는 노인을 대상으로 주관적 에이징웰, 주관적 안녕감, 낙관주의, 지각된 통제력, 건강준수 행동을 측정하는 질문지를 실시하였다. 자료 분석에는 최종 342명의 응답결과가 사용되었다. 결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 신뢰도 분석결과, 11문항의 SAS의 전체 및 하위 척도 신뢰도는 수용할만한 수준이었다. 둘째, 확인적 요인분석 및 상관분석 결과, SAS는 구성타당도가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3요인(인지, 정서, 영) 구조의 적합도는 양호한 편이었고, 주관적 에이징웰과 주관적 안녕감, 낙관성은 정적 상관을 보였다. 마지막으로 회귀분석 결과, 주관적 에이징웰은 건강행동 준수를 예측하였고 준거타당도가 지지되었다. 본 연구는 주관적 관점의 에이징웰 측정도구를 국내 노인에게 적용할 수 있도록 타당화했다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. H. Ju, & M. H. Hyun. (2016). Effects of Acceptance and Downward Contrast on Subjective Agingwell. The Korean Journal of Stress Research, 24(3), 201-209. DOI: 10.17547/kjsr.2016.24.3.201
  2. C. Ferri, I. James, & R. Pruchno. (2009). Successful aging: Definitions and subjective assessment according to older adults. Clinical Gerontologist, 32(4), 379-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07317110802677302
  3. E. A. Phelan, L. A. Anderson, A. Z. Lacroix, & E. B. Larson. (2004). Older adults' views of "successful aging"-how do they compare with researchers' definitions? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(2), 211-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52056.x
  4. R. A. Pruchno, M. Wilson-Genderson, & F. Cartwright. (2010). A two-factor model of successful aging. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(6), 671-679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq051
  5. W. J. Strawbridge, M. I. Wallhagen, & Cohen, R. D. (2002). Successful aging and well-being: Self-rated compared with Rowe and Kahn. The Gerontologist, 42(6), 727-733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/42.6.727
  6. I. V. Vahia, W. K. Thompson, C. A. Depp, M. Allison, & D. V. Jeste. (2012). Developing a dimensional model for successful cognitive and emotional aging. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(4), 515-523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211002055
  7. P. McCann Mortimer, L. Ward, & H. Winefield. (2008). Successful ageing by whose definition? Views of older, spiritually affiliated women. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 27(4), 200-204. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6612.2008.00305.x
  8. J. Reichstadt, G. Sengupta, C. A. Depp, L. A. Palinkas, & D. V. Jeste. (2010). Older adults' perspectives on successful aging: Qualitative interviews. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(7), 567-575. DOI: 10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181e040bb
  9. R. S, Lazarus. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist, 39(2), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.2.124
  10. H. K. Beecher. (1956). Relationship of significance of wound to pain experienced. Journal of the American Medical Association, 161(17), 1609-1613. doi:10.1001/jama.1956.02970170005002
  11. L. Brannon, J. Feist, & J. Updegraff. (2013). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health. Belmont. CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  12. S. J. Heintzelman. et al. (2020). ENHANCE: Evidence for the efficacy of a comprehensive intervention program to promote subjective well-being. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 26(2), 360. DOI:10.1037/xap0000254
  13. E. Diener, & Chan, M. Y. (2011). Happy people live longer: Subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3(1), 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x
  14. E. Diener, & R. Biswas-Diener. (2008). Happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth. Wiley-Blackwell.
  15. S. Cohen, W. J. Doyle, R. B. Turner, C. M. Alper, & D. P. Skoner. (2003). Emotional style and susceptibility to the common cold. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(4), 652-657. doi: 10.1097/01.PSY.0000077508.57784.DA
  16. C. Graham, & S. Pettinato. (2002). Frustrated achievers: Winners, losers and subjective well-being in new market economies. Journal of Development Studies, 38(4), 100-140. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.285811
  17. G. N. Marks, & N. Fleming. (1999). Influences and consequences of well-being among australian young people: 1980-1995. Social Indicators Research, 46(3), 301-323. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006928507272
  18. E. Diener, C. Nickerson, R. E. Lucas, & E. Sandvik. (2002). Dispositional affect and job outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 59(3), 229-259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019672513984
  19. C. H. DiMaria, C. Peroni, & F. Sarracino. (2020). Happiness matters: Productivity gains from subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(1), 139-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00074-1
  20. K. Heinitz, T. Lorenz, D. Schulze, & J. Schorlemmer. (2018). Positive organizational behavior: Longitudinal effects on subjective well-being. PloS One, 13(6). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0198588
  21. S. Appau, & S. A. Churchill. (2019). Charity, volunteering type and subjective wellbeing. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 30(5), 1118-1132. DOI:10.1007/s11266-018-0009-8
  22. J. Huang, H. Shi, & W.Liu. (2018). Emotional intelligence and subjective well-being: Altruistic behavior as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 46(5), 749-758. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6762
  23. E. Diener. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
  24. E. H. Erikson, & J. M. Erikson,. (1998). The Life Cycle Completed (Extended Version). W. W. Norton & Company.
  25. F. B. Bryant, & J. Veroff. (2007). Savoring: A new model of positive experience. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  26. X. Cui, B. Li, R. He, S. Zhang, & L. Lei. (2021). The effects of prosocial spending on subjective well-being and its mechanism. Advances in Psychological Science, 29(7), 1279. DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.01279
  27. L. Tornstam. (1997) Gerotranscendence: The contemplative dimension of aging. Journal of Aging Studies, 11(2), 143-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(97)90018-9
  28. E. Diener. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31(2), 103-157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01207052
  29. E. Diener & K. Ryan. (2009). Subjective well-being: A general overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 391-406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402
  30. R. F. Long, E. S. Huebner, D. H. Wedell, & K. J. Hills. (2012). Measuring school-related subjective well-being in adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1), 50-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402
  31. A. Campbell. (1981). The Sense of Well-Being in America. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  32. M. A. Okun & W. A. Stock. (1987). The construct validity of subjective well-being measures: An assessment via quantitative research syntheses. Journal of Community Psychology, 15(4), 481-492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<481::AID-JCOP2290150406>3.0.CO;2-E
  33. H. Ju, J. W. Shin, C.-w. Kim, M.-h. Hyun, & J.-w. Park. (2013). Mediational effect of meaning in life on the relationship between optimism and well-being in community elderly. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 56(2), 309-313. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.08.008
  34. E. Genc, & G. Arslan. (2021). Optimism and dispositional hope to promote college students' subjective well-being in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 5(2), 87-96. DOI:10.47602/jpsp.v5i2.255
  35. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (2014). 2014 Elderly Survey. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
  36. A. W. Korinek & R. Arredondo Jr. (2004). The spiritual health inventory (SHI) assessment of an instrument for measuring spiritual health in a substance abusing population. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 22(2), 55-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J020v22n02_05
  37. R. B. Trivedi, B. Ayotte, D. Edelman, & H. B. Bosworth. (2008). The association of emotional well-being and marital status with treatment adherence among patients with hypertension. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(6), 489-497. DOI: 10.1007/s10865-008-9173-4
  38. L. M. Lewis & G. Ogedegbe. (2008). Understanding the nature and role of spirituality in relation to medication adherence: A proposed conceptual model. Holistic Nursing Practice, 22(5), 261-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HNP.0000334919.39057.14
  39. A. M. Roepke, E. Jayawickreme, & O. M. Riffle. (2014). Meaning and health: A systematic review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(4), 1055-1079. DOI: 10.1097/01.HNP.0000334919.39057.14
  40. M. F. Steger, A. R. Fitch-Martin, J. Donnelly, & K. M. Rickard. (2015). Meaning in life and health: Proactive health orientation links meaning in life to health variables among American undergraduates. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(3), 583-597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9523-6
  41. R. Schwarzer. (2008). Modeling health behavior change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Applied Psychology, 57(1), 1-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00325.x
  42. E. K. M. Suh & J. S. Koo. (2011). A Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being(COMOSWB): Scale Development and Validation. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 25(1), 96-114. DOI: 10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.1.006
  43. M. F. Scheier, C. S. Carver, & M. W. Bridges. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063-1078. DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063
  44. S. N. Walker, K. R. Sechrist, & N. J. Pender. (1987). The health-promoting lifestyle profile: Development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing Research, 36(2), 76-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198703000-00002
  45. S. Y. Sung & S. H. Park. (2008). Validation of the Korean Version of Shapiro Control Inventory. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 22(4), 111-132. DOI: 10.21193/kjspp.2008.22.4.008
  46. H. Ju. (2016) Subjective Agingwell: A Tangible Concept of Aging Well and Its Measure. Doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang University.
  47. H. Hawley-Hague, M. Horne, M. Campbell, S. Demack, D. A. Skelton, & C. Todd. (2013). Multiple levels of influence on older adults' attendance and adherence to community exercise classes. The Gerontologist, 54(4), 599-610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt075