Advances in concrete construction

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Probabilistic service life of box culvert due to carbonation of concrete cover

  • Woo, Sang-Kyun (Transmission Laboratory, KEPCO Research Institute) ;
  • Chu, In-Yeop (Transmission Laboratory, KEPCO Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Yun (Department of Civil Engineering, Daejeon University) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Jae (Department of Civil Engineering, Daejeon University)
  • Received : 2021.10.11
  • Accepted : 2021.12.01
  • Published : 2021.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

More underground structures are increasingly being constructed such as box culverts for electric power transmission, and the life extension of these structures is very important. It is well known that the steel embedded in concrete is usually invulnerable to corrosion because the high alkalinity of the pore solution in concrete generates a thin protective oxide layer on the surface of the steel. Recent observations in the field and experimental evidence have shown that even steel in concrete can be corroded through the carbonation reaction of cover concrete. Carbonation-induced corrosion in concrete may often occur in a high carbon dioxide environment. In this study, the risk of carbonation of underground box culverts in Korea was evaluated by measuring the car¬bonation rate and concrete cover depth in the field. Then, the carbonation-free service life for the cover depth of the steel was calcu¬lated with in situ information and Monte Carlo simulation. Additionally, an accelerated carbonation test for a cracked beam specimen was performed, and the effect of a crack on the service life of a box culvert was numerically investigated with Monte Carlo simulation based on experimental results.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Daejeon University fund (2015).

References

  1. Aldea, C.M., Shah, S.P. and Karr, A. (1999), "Effect of cracking on water and chloride permeability of concrete", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 11(3), 181-187. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1999)11:3(181).
  2. Boulfiza, M., Sakai, K., Banthia, N. and Yoshida, H. (2003), "Prediction of chloride ions ingress in uncracked and cracked concrete", Mater. J., 100(1), 38-48.
  3. CEB-FIP (2006), Model Code for Service Life Design, International Federation for Structural Concrete fib, Task Group 5.6.
  4. Cho, S.J., Yoon, Y.S. and Kwon, S.J. (2018), "Carbonation behavior of GGBFS-based concrete with cold joint considering curing period", J. Korean Recycle. Constr. Res. Inst., 6(4), 259-266. https://doi.org/10.14190/JRCR.2018.6.4.259.
  5. Gerard, B. and Marchand, J. (2000), "Influence of cracking on the diffusion properties of cement-based materials: Part I: Influence of continuous cracks on the steady-state regime", Cement Concrete Res., 30(1), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00201-X.
  6. Giaralis, A. and Spanos, P.D. (2012), "Derivation of response spectrum compatible non-stationary stochastic processes relying on Monte Carlo-based peak factor estimation", Earthq. Struct., 3(3), 581-609. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.3_4.581
  7. Gjorv, O.E. (2013), "Durability design and quality assurance of major concrete infrastructure", Adv. Concrete Constr., 1(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2013.1.1.045.
  8. Gjorv, O.E. (2013), "Durability design and quality assurance of major concrete infrastructure", Adv. Concrete Constr., 1(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2013.1.1.045.
  9. Hwang, S.H., Yoon, Y.S. and Kwon, S.J. (2019), "Carbonation behavior of GGBFS concrete considering loading conditions and cold joint", J. Korea Concrete Inst., 31(4), 365-373. https://doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2019.31.4.365
  10. Cody, A.M., Lee, H., Cody, R.D. and Spry, P.G. (2004), "The effects of chemical environment on the nucleation, growth, and stability of ettringite [Ca3Al (OH) 6] 2 (SO4) 3. 26H2O", Cement Concrete Res., 34(5), 869-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.10.023.
  11. Joshaghani, A., Moeini, M.A. and Balapour, M. (2017), "Evaluation of incorporating metakaolin to evaluate durability and mechanical properties of concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 5(3), 241. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.3.241.
  12. Kato, E., Kato, Y. and Uomoto, T. (2005), "Development of simulation model of chloride ion transportation in cracked concrete", J. Adv. Concrete Tech., 3(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.3.85.
  13. Kim, T.H. and Kwon, S.J. (2020), "Probabilistic Service Life Analysis of GGBFS Concrete Exposed to Carbonation Cold Joint and Loading Conditions", J. Korea Inst. Struct. Maint. Inspec., 24(3), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2020.24.3.39.
  14. Lindquist, W.D., Darwin, D., Browning, J. and Miller, G.G. (2006), "Effect of cracking on chloride content in concrete bridge decks", Am. Concrete Inst..
  15. Nakamura, H., Srisoros, W., Yashiro, R. and Kunieda, M. (2006), "Time-dependent structural analysis considering mass transfer to evaluate deterioration process of RC structures", J. Adv. Concrete Tech., 4(1), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.4.147.
  16. Malerba, P.G., Sgambi, L., Ielmini, D. and Gotti, G. (2017), "Influence of corrosive phenomena on bearing capacity of RC and PC beams", Adv. Concrete Constr., 5(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.2.117.
  17. Papadakis, V.G., Vayenas, C.G. and Fardis, M.N. (1991), "Fundamental modeling and experimental investigation of concrete carbonation", Mater. J., 88(4), 363-373.
  18. Papadakis, V.G., Vayenas, C.G. and Fardis, M.N. (1991), "Physical and chemical characteristics affecting the durability of concrete", Mater. J., 88(2), 186-196.
  19. Papadakis, V.G. (2013), "Service life prediction of a reinforced concrete bridge exposed to chloride induced deterioration", Adv. Concrete Constr., 1(3), 201. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc2013.1.3.201.
  20. Rodriguez, O.G. (2003), "Influence of cracks on chloride ingress into concrete Ph.D. Dissertation of Philosophy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
  21. Saetta, A.V., Schrefler, B.A. and Vitaliani, R. (1995), "2-D model for carbonation and moisture/heat flow in porous materials", Cement Concrete Res., 25(8), 1703-1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00166-2.
  22. Saetta, A.V. and Vitaliani, R.V. (2004), "Experimental investigation and numerical modeling of carbonation process in reinforced concrete structures: Part I: Theoretical formulation", Cement Concrete Res., 34(4), 571-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.09.009.
  23. Samaha, H.R. and Hover, K.C. (1992), "Influence of microcracking on the mass transport properties of concrete", Mater. J., 89(4), 416-424.
  24. De Schutter, G. (1999), "Quantification of the influence of cracks in concrete structures on carbonation and chloride penetration", Mag. Concrete Res., 51(6), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.1999.51.6.427.
  25. Song, H.W., Kwon, S.J., Byun, K.J. and Park, C.K. (2006), "Predicting carbonation in early-aged cracked concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 36(5), 979-989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.12.019.
  26. Suzuki, K., Nishikawa, T. and Ito, S. (1985), "Formation and carbonation of CSH in water", Cement Concrete Res., 15(2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(85)90032-8.
  27. Win, P.P., Watanabe, M. and Machida, A. (2004), "Penetration profile of chloride ion in cracked reinforced concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 34(7), 1073-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.11.020.