DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A rock physical approach to understand geo-mechanics of cracked porous media having three fluid phases

  • Ahmad, Qazi Adnan (Department of Geology and Geophysics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda) ;
  • Wu, Guochen (China University of Petroleum (East China), School of Geoscience Qingdao) ;
  • Zong, Zhaoyun (China University of Petroleum (East China), School of Geoscience Qingdao) ;
  • Wu, Jianlu (China University of Petroleum (East China), School of Geoscience Qingdao) ;
  • Ehsan, Muhammad Irfan (Institute of Geology University of the Punjab) ;
  • Du, Zeyuan (China University of Petroleum (East China), School of Geoscience Qingdao)
  • 투고 : 2019.10.21
  • 심사 : 2020.10.26
  • 발행 : 2020.11.25

초록

The role of precise prediction of subsurface fluids and discrimination among them cannot be ignored in reservoir characterization and petroleum prospecting. A suitable rock physics model should be build for the extraction of valuable information form seismic data. The main intent of current work is to present a rock physics model to analyze the characteristics of seismic wave propagating through a cracked porous rock saturated by a three phase fluid. Furthermore, the influence on wave characteristics due to variation in saturation of water, oil and gas were also analyzed for oil and water as wet cases. With this approach the objective to explore wave attenuation and dispersion due to wave induce fluid flow (WIFF) at seismic and sub-seismic frequencies can be precisely achieved. We accomplished our proposed approach by using BISQ equations and by applying appropriate boundary conditions to incorporate heterogeneity due to saturation of three immiscible fluids forming a layered system. To authenticate the proposed methodology, we compared our results with White's mesoscopic theory and with the results obtained by using Biot's poroelastic relations. The outcomes reveals that, at low frequencies seismic wave characteristics are in good agreement with White's mesoscopic theory, however a slight increase in attenuation at seismic frequencies is because of the squirt flow. Moreover, our work crop up as a practical tool for the development of rock physical theories with the intention to identify and estimate properties of different fluids from seismic data.

키워드

과제정보

We would like to acknowledge the sponsorship of National Science and Technology Major Project (2016ZX05024-001-008).

참고문헌

  1. Ahmad, Q.A., Wu, G. and Jianlu, W. (2017), "Computation of wave attenuation and dispersion, by using quasi-static finite difference modeling method in frequency domain", Ann. Geophys., 60(6), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-7450.
  2. Ahmad, Q.A., Wu, G., Zhaoyun, Z., Jianlu, W., Kun, L., Tianwei, D. and Khan, N. (2019), "Analysis of attenuation and dispersion of propagating wave due to the coexistence of three fluid phases in the pore volume", Geophys. Prospect., 68(2), 657-677. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12873.
  3. Ba, J., Carcione, J.M. and Nie, J.X. (2011), "Biot-Rayleigh theory of wave propagation in double-porosity media", J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 116(B), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008185.
  4. Ba, J., Carcione, J.M. and Sun, W. (2015), "Seismic attenuation due to heterogeneities of rock fabric and fluid distribution", Geophys. J. Int., 202, 1843-1847. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv255.
  5. Biot, M.A. (1956), "Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid. I. Low-frequency range", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 28(2), 168-178. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1908239.
  6. Biot, M.A. (1956), "Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid saturated porous solid. II. Higher frequency range", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 28(2), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1908241.
  7. Biot, M.A. (1962), "Generalized theory of acoustic propagation in porous dissipative media", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 34, 1254. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1918315.
  8. Bouanati, S., Benrahou, K.H., Atmane, H.A., Yahia, S.A., Bernard, F., Tounsi, A. and Bedia, E.A.A. (2019), "Investigation of wave propagation in anisotropic plates via quasi 3D HSDT", Geomech. Eng., 18(1), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.18.1.085.
  9. Budiansky, B. and O'connell, R.J. (1976), "Elastic moduli of a cracked solid", Int. J. Solids Struct., 12(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(76)90044-5.
  10. Carcione, J.M. and Picotti, S. (2006), "P-wave seismic attenuation by slow-wave diffusion: Effects of inhomogeneous rock properties", Geophysics, 71(3), O1-O8. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2194512.
  11. Chapman, M. (2003), "Frequency-dependent anisotropy due to meso-scale fractures in the presence of equant porosity", Geophys. Prospect., 51(5), 369-379. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2003.00384.x.
  12. Chapman, M. (2009), "Modeling the effect of multiple sets of mesoscale fractures in porous rock on frequency-dependent anisotropy", Geophysics, 74(6), D97-D103. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3204779.
  13. Dicarlo, D.A., Sahni, A. and Blunt, M.J. (2000), "The effect of wettability on three-phase relative permeability", Transp. Porous Media, 39(3), 347-366. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006653323374.
  14. Dutta, N.C. and Ode, H. (1979), "Attenuation and dispersion of compressional waves in fluid-filled porous rocks with partial gas saturation (White model) - Part I: Biot theory", Geophysics, 44(11), 1777-1788. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440938.
  15. Dutta, N.C. and Ode, H. (1979), "Attenuation and dispersion of compressional waves in fluid-filled porous rocks with partial gas saturation (White model)-Part II: Results", Geophysics, 44, 1789-1805. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440939.
  16. Dutta, N.C. and Seriff, A.J. (1979), "On White's model of attenuation gas saturation", Geophysics, 44(11), 1806-1812. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440940
  17. Dvorkin, J. (1993), "Dynamic poroelasticity: A unified model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms", Geophysics, 58(4), 524-533. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443435.
  18. Dvorkin, J. (1994), "The squirt-flow mechanism: Macroscopic description", Geophysics, 59(3), 428-438. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443605.
  19. Dvorkin, J. and Nur, A. (1993), "Dynamic poroelasticity: A unified model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms", Geophysics, 58(4), 524-533. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443435.
  20. Dvorkin, J., Mavko, G. and Nur, A. (1995), "Squirt flow in fully saturated rocks", Geophysics, 60(1), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443767.
  21. Elyasi, A., Goshtasbi, K. and Hashemolhosseini, H. (2016), "A coupled geomechanical reservoir simulation analysis of CO2 - EOR: A case study", Geomech. Eng., 10(4), 423-436. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.10.4.423.
  22. Frehner, M. and Quintal, B. (2012), Physical Mechanisms for low-Frequency Seismic Wave Attenuation in Fractured Media.
  23. Guo, Z.Q., Liu, C. and Li, X.Y. (2015), "Seismic signatures of reservoir permeability based on the patchy-saturation model", Appl. Geophys., 12, 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-015-0480-6.
  24. Haghnejad, A., Ahangari, K., Moarefvand, P. and Goshtasbi, K. (2018), "Numerical investigation of the impact of geological discontinuities on the propagation of ground vibrations", Geomech. Eng., 14(6), 545-552. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.14.6.545.
  25. Hefner, B.T. and Jackson, D.R. (2010), "Dispersion and attenuation due to scattering from heterogeneities of the frame bulk modulus of a poroelastic medium", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 127, 3372-3384. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3365316.
  26. Hui, M.H. and Blunt, M.J. (2000), "Effects of wettability on three-phase flow in porous media", J. Phys. Chem., 104(16), 3833-3845. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9933222.
  27. Jiang, L., Zhao, Y., Golsanami, N., Chen, L. and Yan, W. (2020), "A novel type of neural networks for feature engineering of geological data: Case studies of coal and gas hydrate-bearing sediments", Geosci. Front., 11, 1511-1531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.04.016.
  28. Johnson, D.L. (2001), "Theory of frequency dependent acoustics in patchy-saturated porous media", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110(2), 682. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1381021.
  29. Jones, T.D. (1986), "Pore fluids and frequency-dependent in rocks wave propagation", Geophysics, 51(10), 1879-2018. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442050.
  30. Kumar, K.V., Saravanan, T.J., Sreekala, R., Gopalakrishnan, N. and Mini, K.M. (2017), "Structural damage detection through longitudinal wave propagation using spectral finite element method", Geomech. Eng., 12(1), 161-183, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.1.161.
  31. Li, X. and Tao, M. (2015), "The influence of initial stress on wave propagation and dynamic elastic coefficients", Geomech. Eng., 8(3), 377-390. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.3.377.
  32. Manna, S., Misra, J.C., Kundu, S. and Gupta, S. (2018), "Surface wave propagation in an initially stressed heterogeneous medium having a sandy layer and a point source", Geomech. Eng., 16(2), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.2.169.
  33. Mavko, G. and Nur, A. (1975), "Melt squirt in the asthenosphere", J. Geophys. Res., 80, 1444-1448. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB080i011p01444.
  34. Mavko, G., Mukerji, T. and Dvorkin, J. (1998), The Rock Physics Handbook: Tools for Seismic Analysis of Porous Media, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
  35. Mavko, G.M. and Nut, A. (1979), "Wave attenuation in partially saturated rocks", Geophysics, 44(2), 161-178. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440958.
  36. Muller, T.M., Gurevich, B. and Lebedev, M. (2010), "Seismic wave attenuation and dispersion resulting from wave-induced flow in porous rocks - A review", 75(5), 75A147-75A164. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3463417.
  37. Pride, S. and Berryman, J.G. (2003), "Linear dynamics of double-porosity dual- permeability materials I. Governing equations and acoustic attenuation", Phys. Rev. E, 68(3), 036603. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036603.
  38. Pride, S., Berryman, J.G. and Pride, S.R. (2003), "Linear dynamics of double-porosity dual-permeability materials. II. Fluid transport equations", Phys. Rev. E, 68(3), 036604. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036604.
  39. Pride, S.R. (2004), "Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow", J. Geophys. Res., 109(B1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002639.
  40. Pride, S.R., Berryman, J.G. and Harris, J.M. (2004), "Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow", J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 109(B1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002639.
  41. Qazi, A.A., Wu, G. and Jianlu, W. (2017), "Computation of wave attenuation and dispersion, by using quasi-static finite difference modeling method in frequency domain", Ann. Geophys., 60(6), S0664. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-7450.
  42. Rubino, J.G. and Holliger, K. (2012), "Seismic attenuation and velocity dispersion in heterogeneous partially saturated porous rocks", Geophys. J. Int., 188, 1088-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05291.x.
  43. Rubino, J.G. and Holliger, K. (2013), "Research note: Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced fluid flow at microscopic and mesoscopic scales", Geophys. Prospect., 61(4), 882-889. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12009.
  44. Rubino, J.G., Muller, T.M., Guarracino, L., Milani, M. and Holliger, K. (2014), "Seismoacoustic signatures of fracture connectivity", J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 119, 2252-2271. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010567.
  45. Subramaniyan, S., Quintal, B., Tisato, N., Saenger, E.H. and Madonna, C. (2014), "An overview of laboratory apparatuses to measure seismic attenuation in reservoir rocks", Geophys. Prospect., 62(6), 1211-1223. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12171.
  46. Sun, W., Ba, J., Muller, T.M., Carcione, J.M. and Cao, H. (2015), "Comparison of P-wave attenuation models of wave-induced flow", Geophys. Prospect., 63(2), 378-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12196.
  47. Sun, W., Du, H., Zhou, F. and Shao, J. (2019), "Experimental study of crack propagation of rock-like specimens containing conjugate fractures", Geomech. Eng., 17(4), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.4.323.
  48. Tang, X.M. (2011), "A unified theory for elastic wave propagation through porous media containing cracks-An extension of Biot's poroelastic wave theory", Sci. China Earth Sci., 54(9), 1441-1452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4245-7.
  49. Vogelaar, B. (2009), "Fluid effect on wave propagation in heterogeneous porous media", Ph.D. Dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
  50. Vogelaar, B. and Smeulders, D. (2007), "Extension of White's layered model to the full frequency range", Geophys. Prospect., 55(5), 685-695. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2007.00648.x.
  51. Wang, L., Zhang, J., Shi, Z. and He, W. (2015), "Modeling and analysis of frequency-dependent seismic responses based on rock physics model", Proceedings of the SEG Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., October.
  52. White, J.E. (1975), "Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation", Geophysics, 40(2), 224-232. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440520.
  53. White, J.E., Mihailova, N. and Lyakhovitsky, F. (1975), "Low-frequency seismic waves in fluid-saturated layered rocks", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 57(S1), S30.
  54. Zhang, X., Wang, Q., Li, C., Sun, X., Yan, Z. and Nie, Y. (2019), "Numerical simulation of electrokinetic dissipation caused by elastic waves in reservoir rocks", Geomech. Eng., 19(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.1.011.
  55. Zhao, L., Han, D., Yao, Q., Zhou, R. and Yan, F. (2015), "Seismic reflection dispersion due to wave-induced fluid flow in heterogeneous reservoir rocks", Geophysics, 80, D221-D235. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0307.1.
  56. Zhu, H., Guo, J., Zhao, X., Lu, Q., Luo, B. and Feng, Y.C. (2014), "Hydraulic fracture initiation pressure of anisotropic shale gas reservoirs", Geomech. Eng., 7(4), 403-430. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.7.4.403.