Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers (한국기계가공학회지)

The Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers (한국기계가공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Short Review of Appropriate Technology and Engineering Design Education for Underdeveloped Countries

저개발국가를 위한 적정기술과 공학설계교육에 관한 고찰

  • Alisher, Saduakas (School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Sang-Hu (School of Mechanical Engineering, ERC/NSDM, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2020.06.14
  • Accepted : 2020.06.28
  • Published : 2020.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

During the past decades, dramatic technology changes affected the life of billions of people around the globe. Although these changes resulted to economic benefits, mostly for the developed countries, the undiscerning development also resulted to many side effects, such as environment pollution, scarce natural resources, global warming, and an increase of the gap between "those who have" and "those who have not", among others. Also, since these developments were based on high technologies, they were not suitable for 90% of the underdeveloped countries. In this review, the possible ways of increasing the quality of life in underdeveloped countries are described, by providing adaptive solutions using appropriate technologies. Some successful applications of appropriate and intermediate technology are introduced, and the need for a new undergraduate education course of engineering design based on appropriate technology is proposed for Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. Harari, Y. N., Home Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yahav-Harari Group Ltd., UK, 2016.
  2. Addressing Human Right as Key to the COVID-19 Response (2020), from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/addressing-human-rights-as-key-to-the-covid-19-response (Apr., 2020).
  3. World Energy Balances (2019), from https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-balances-2019 (Sep., 2019).
  4. Gandhi, M., The Wheel of Fortune, Cambridge Press, Madras, 1922.
  5. Toye, J., "The World Improvement Plans of Fritz Schumacher," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 387-403, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/ber035
  6. Schumacher, E. F., Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, Blond & Briggs, 1973.
  7. Svendsen, M., Ewing, M., and Msangi, S. (2009), "Measuring Irrigation Performance in Africa," Retrieved Sep., 2009, from http://ebrar y.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/colle ction/p15738coll2/id/26252/filename/26253.pdf.
  8. Burney, J. A., Naylor, R., "Smallholder Irrigation as a Poverty Alleviation Tool in Sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 110-123, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.007
  9. Pavelic, P., Villholth, K. G., Shu Y., Rebelo L.-M., and Smakhtin, V., "Smallholder Groundwater Irrigation in Sub-Sharan Africa: Country-level Estimates of Development Potential," Water International, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 392-407, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2013.819601
  10. Kay, M. and Brabben, T., "Treadle Pumps for Irrigation in Africa, International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage," Retrieved Oct., 2000, from http://www.fao.org/3/a-x8293e.pdf.
  11. Perry, E., "Low-cost Irrigation Technologies for Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa," Proceedings of a Subregional Workshop, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1997.
  12. Kamwamba-Mtethiwa, J., Weatherhead, K. and Knox J., "Assessing Performance of Small-scale Pumped Irrigation Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a Systematic Review," Irrigation and Drainage, Vol. 65, pp. 308-318, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1950
  13. Burney, J., Woltering, L., Burke, M., Naylor, R. and Pasternak, D., "Solar-powered Drip Irrigation Enhances Food Security in the Sudano-Sahel," Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, Vol. 107, No. 5, pp. 1848-1853, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909678107
  14. Koreissi, Y., "Fonio (Digitaria exilis) in West Africa: Towards Improving Nutrient Quality," PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, 2015.
  15. Clarke, B. and Rottger, A., "Small Mills in Africa: selection, installation and operation of equipment," Retrieved 2006, from http://www.fao.org/3/j8482e/j8482e.pdf.
  16. Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) Report, Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, WHO & UNICEF, 2017 from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/launch-version-report-jmp-water-sanitation-hygiene.pdf.
  17. GLAAS Report, UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water, WHO, 2012 from https://www.wsscc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/GLAAS-2017-Report-for-Web_final.pdf.
  18. Dies, R. W. "Development of a Ceramic Water Filter for Nepal," Master Thesis, MIT, USA, 2003.
  19. Water-e Report: Slow Sand Filters, Thames Water & University of Surrey, 2005 from https://sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/THAMES%20WATER%20and%20UNIVERSITY%20OF%20SURREY%202005%20Slow%20Sand%20Filters.pdf.
  20. Eizad, A., Zahra, F., Alam, H., Tahir, H., Bangash, A. K., and Lyu, S. K., "Study on Development of Portable Incubator," Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineer, Vol. 18, No. 9, pp. 1-6, 2019. https://doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2019.18.9.001
  21. Lee, I. H., Shin, J. M., and Cho, H.-Y., "Design and Operation of 3D Printing Education Curriculum in Mechanical Engineering," Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineer, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 21-26, 2015. https://doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2015.14.3.021