Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Polypropylene Mulching Method on Growth of Quercus glauca Thunb. Seedling and Weed Treatments

부직포 멀칭 방식에 따른 종가시나무 묘목의 생장과 제초에 미치는 영향

  • Sung, Chang-Hyun (Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Yoon, Jun-Hyuck (Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Jin, Eon-Ju (Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Bae, Eun-Ji (Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 성창현 (국립산림과학원 산림바이오소재연구소) ;
  • 윤준혁 (국립산림과학원 산림바이오소재연구소) ;
  • 진언주 (국립산림과학원 산림바이오소재연구소) ;
  • 배은지 (국립산림과학원 산림바이오소재연구소)
  • Received : 2020.08.20
  • Accepted : 2020.10.06
  • Published : 2020.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, cultivation and management technologies have been needed to adapt due to climate change, which is causing abnormal weather conditions. One technique is to increase the utilization of evergreen broad-leaved species with high ornamental value. A total of five treatments were installed (1m×22.5m), including 60g/㎡ and 80g/㎡ using two types mulching material with an overlapping and hole-drilling mulching method and these were compared to un-mulching treatment a total of planted 92㎡ attheWol-aTestSiteForestattheForestforBiomaterialsResearchCenterinJinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-dofor 10monthsusing3-years-oldQuercusglaucaThunb. In comparison with the control site, the 60g/㎡ overlapping method was about 1.9 times higher than the root collar diameter, but there was no statistical significance between the treatments. Healthy seedlings were found to meet these conditions due to high biomass values and below and T/R ratios of 3.0 or lower and H/D ratios of 7.0 or lower. Comparing the values of LWR, SWR, and RWR, which can be evaluated for seedling due to the mulching treatments, as compared to the control, the growth of the ground areas including leaves and stems was enhanced, but the growth of the underground areas containing roots tended to have high control values. Based on this, the SQI value, which can be evaluated for the comprehensive quality of seedlings, was found to be significantly different between the control site and the mulching treatment sites, confirming that the growth and growth improvement effects were achieved with mulching treatments. The chlorophyll content analysis showed that there was a significant difference from the control site, and it was judged that weed generation in the control acted as an environmental stress, causing a decrease in chlorophyll content. It was found that the overlapping 80g/㎡ of polypropylene mulching material generated about 4 times fewer weeds than the control, and the manpower required for the mulching test field and weeding were equal at 3.3 people/100㎡/1 day. Mulching treatments have demonstrated a significant difference in the promotion of growth and quality of the seedlings and are judged as an alternative that can reduce the economic burden incurred by the purchase of the supplies and the manpower required to weed forestry plantations.

최근 이상기후 등 기후변화에 적응하고 관상가치가 높은 상록활엽수의 활용을 높이기 위한 재배 및 관리 기술이 요구되고 있다. 종가시나무 (Quercus glauca Thunb.) 1-2묘를 공시수종으로 하여 10개월간 경남 진주시 금산면에 위치한 산림바이오소재연구소 월아 시험림에서 1m×22.5m 크기의 묘상을 만들어 부직포 멀칭 소재 60g/㎡, 80g/㎡ 두 종류와 멀칭 방식 겹치기, 구멍뚫기 두 방식 그리고 멀칭을 하지 않은 대조구 총 5개 처리구로 각각 92본씩 시험지를 조성하였다. 부직포 멀칭 소재 60g/㎡ 겹치기 방식은 대조구와 비교 시 묘고는 약 1.9배 근원경은 약 1.1배 더 높은 값을 보였으며, 처리 간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 건전한 묘목은 H/D ratio 7.0 이하, T/R ratio 3.0 이하, 부위별 물질 생산량 값이 높은 조건으로 분석 결과, 이를 만족하는 것으로 조사되었다. 멀칭 처리에 따른 묘목의 품질을 평가할 수 있는 LWR, SWR, RWR 값을 대조구와 비교해 보면, 잎과 줄기를 포함하는 지상부의 생장은 증진되었지만, 뿌리를 포함하는 지하부의 생장은 대조구 값이 높은 경향을 보였다. 이를 바탕으로 묘목의 종합적인 품질을 평가할 수 있는 SQI 값은 대조구와 멀칭 처리간의 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나, 멀칭 처리에 따른 생육증진 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 엽록소 함량 분석에서는 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 대조구의 잡초 발생이 환경스트레스로 작용하여 엽록소 함량의 저하를 야기한 것으로 판단된다. 부직포 멀칭 소재 80g/㎡ 겹치기 방식은 잡초 발생량이 대조구 대비 약 4배 더 적게 발생하며, 식재지 조성인력과 제초작업에 소요되는 총 작업인력은 3.3인/100㎡/1일이 소요되는 것으로 조사되었다. 멀칭처리는 묘목의 생장과 품질 그리고 제초에 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 생육증진 효과가 있으며, 대규모 식재지를 포함한 일반수목 생산지에서의 제초작업에 투입되는 인력수급의 경제적인 부담을 줄일 수 있는 대안으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Arnon, D. I.(1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts, polyphenoloxidase in Betula vulgaris. Pant Physiology 24: 1-15.
  2. Baczek, K. R. and J. Koscielniak(2003) Antioxidative effect of elevated $CO_2$ concentration in the air on maize hybrids subjected to serve chill. Photosynthetica 41(2): 161-165. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PHOT.0000011947.78548.e1
  3. Bayala, J., M. Dianda, J. Wilson, S. J. Quedraogo and K. Sanon(2009) Predicting field performance of five irrigated tree species using seedling quality assessment in Burkina Faso, West Africa. New Forests 38(3):309-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9149-4
  4. Blair, R. and F. Cech(1974) Morphological seedling grades cmpared after thirteen growing seasons. Tree Planters' Notes 25: 5-7.
  5. Burdett, A. N.(1990) Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development of specifications for forest planting stock. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20: 415-427. https://doi.org/10.1139/x90-059
  6. Carlson, W. C.(1986) Root system considerations in the quality of loblolly pine seedlings. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 10:87-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/10.2.87
  7. Choi, S. M., H. C. Shin, K. Y. Huh and H. J. Jeong(2012) Effects of underground container types on plant growth of Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki and Quercus glauca. J. Kor. Env. Red. Tech 15(3): 67-74.
  8. Curtis, R. O.(1955) Use of graded nursery stock for red pine plantations. Journal of Forestry 53: 71-173.
  9. Davis, A. S. and D. F. Jacobs(2005) Quantifying root system quality of nursery seedlings and relationship to outplanting performance. New Forests 30: 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-7480-y
  10. Deans, J. D., W. L. Mason, M. G. R. Cannell, A. L. Sharpe and L. J. Sheppard(1989) Growing regimes for bare-root stock of sitka spruce, douglas fir and scots pine. Morphology at the end of the nursery phase. Forestry 62: 53-60.
  11. Dickson, A., A. L. Leaf and J. F. Hosner(1960) Quality appraisal of white spruce and white pine seedling stock in nurseries. The Forestry Chronicle 36: 10-13. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc36010-1
  12. Haase, D.(2007a) Morphological and physiological evaluation of seedling quality. USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-50.
  13. Haase, D.(2007b) Understanding forest seedling quality: Measurements and interpretation. Tree Planter's Notes 52(1).
  14. Hermann, R. K.(1964) Importance of top-root ratios for survival of Douglas-fir seedlings. Tree Planters' Notes 64: 7-11.
  15. Hong, S. C., J. W. Heo, J. T. Lee and K. K. Kang(2011) Characteristics of reflective light over red and black plastic mulch, and effect on the quality and yield of the oriental melon and tomato. K. J. Environ Agric 30(4): 414-418. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.4.414
  16. Iyer, J. G. and S. A. Wilde(1982) A quick way to appraise the performance potential of tree planting stock. Tree Planters' Notes 33:26-27.
  17. Jensen, M. H.(1988) The achievements on the use of plastic in agriculture. International seminar on the utilization of the plastics in agriculture. Food & Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region & Rural Development Administration of Korea. pp.1-17.
  18. Jin, E. J., J. H. Yoon, E. J. Bae, S. M. Choi, Y. B. Park and M. S. Choi(2015) Effect of above and below-ground container cultivation on growth of Quercus glauca 4 years old seedlings. J. Agri & Life Sci 49(6):9-17. https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.6.9
  19. Johnson, F., J. Paterson, G. Leeder, C. Mansfield, F. Pinto and S. Watson(1996) Artificial regeneration of Ontario's Forest: Species and stock selection manual. Forest Research Information Paper No. 131.
  20. Kang, A. R. and S. G. Park(2017) Growth and ground coverage of Ophiopogon japonicus 'Nanus' under different shade conditions. J. KILA 45(2): 68-75.
  21. Kang, J. S., J. M. Suh, H. M. Shin, J. H. Cho and C. O. Hong(2013) Effects of compost application and plastic mulching on soil carbon sequestration in upland soil. K. J Environ Agric 32(4): 260-267. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2013.32.4.260
  22. Kim, J. H and S. J. Park(2010) An analysis of the yarfing productivity and cost in forest tending operation. J. K. For. Soc 99(4):625-632.
  23. Kim, J. H., D. H. Kim and D. H. Lee(2015) Effects of fertilizer treatment on the growth characteristics of 2-years old Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc container seedlings. J. Agri & Life Sci 49(1): 63-70. https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.1.63
  24. Lee, C. Y., T. J, Kim and G. J. Lee(2010) Effects of organic mulching on potato production and weed management. K. J. Org. Agri 18(4); 587-598.
  25. Lee, K. W. and D. G. Kim(2017) Freezing injury of evergreen broad-leaved trees in warm-temperature in the southern region in Korea. J. K. Env. Res. Tech 20(1): 77-96.
  26. Leiva, M. J. and R. Fernandez-Ales(1998) Variability in seedling water status during drought within a Quercus ilex subsp. ballota population, and its relation to seedling morphology. Forest Ecology and Management 111: 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00320-X
  27. Lim, K. H., S. G. Kim, D. I. Seo, Y. W. Yang, Y. S. Kim, H. J. Kim and J. K. Kim(2009) The effects of mulching materials and weed control methods on growth and weed occurrence of pesticide-free kale(Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala), K. J. Org. Agri 17(4):501-517.
  28. Mackinney, G.(1941) Absorption of light by chlorophyll solutions. Journal of Biological Chemistry 140: 315-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)51320-X
  29. Mattsson, A.(1996) Prediction field performance using seedling quality assessment. New Forests 13.
  30. Mullin, R. E. and C. Christl(1982) Morphological grading of white pine nursery stock. The Forestry Chronicle 58: 40-43. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc58040-1
  31. Naidu, S. L. and E. H. Delucia(1998) Physiological and morphological acclimation of shade-grown tree seedlings to late-season canopy gap formation. Plant Ecology 138: 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009780114992
  32. National Institute of Biological Resources(https://species.nibr.go.kr)
  33. Oh, G. K. and D. G. Kim(2006) Ecological Revengetation Engineering. Gwangil Publishing Co., Ltd.
  34. Park, J. M., J. H. Kang, E. H. Jeong and G. W. Song(2004) Growth an yield of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. Affected by mulching methods. K. J. Medi Crop Sci 12(3): 226-230.
  35. Reynolds, J. F. and C. D'Antonio(1996) The ecological significance of plasticity in root weight ratio in response to nitogen: Opinion. Plant and Soil 185(1): 75-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257566
  36. Ritchie, G. A.(1984) Assessing seedling quality. In: Duryea, M. L. and T. D. Landis(Eds), Forest Nursery Manual 1: Production of Bareroot Seedlings. Martinus Nijh off Publishers. Netherlands. pp.243-259.
  37. Roh, S. W., Y. C. Ku, D. Y. Song, J. H. Park and K. Y. Seong(2004) Weed population distribution and change od dominant weed species on upland fields in Chungcheong region. K. J. Weed Sci 24(1):72-77.
  38. Sagong, D. H., S. J. Lee, S. G. Han and T. M. Yoon(2011) The influence of materials for surface mulching on soil temperature and vegetative growth of apple nursery trees. K. J. Agri and Forest Mete 13(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2011.13.1.001
  39. Sestak, Z., J. Eatsky and P. G. Jarvis(1971) Plant photosynthetic production manual of methods. The Hague 818.
  40. Shin, S. O., H. S. Shim, W. Y. Han, H. T. Kim, C. S. Jeong and I. Y. Baek(2012) Difference of growth chatacteristics and yield under P. E. filim mulching soybean cultivation in southern region og Korea. K, J. Intl. Agri 24(1): 12-21.
  41. Sung, H. I., G. S. Song, Y. G. Cha and J. J. Kim(2011) Characteristics of growth and seedling quality of 1-year old Quercus myrsinaefolia by shading and fertilizing treatment. Journal of Korean Forest Society 100(4): 598-608.
  42. Switzer G. L. and L. E. Nelson(1963) Effect of nursery fertility and density on seedling characteristics yield, and field perfomance of lobby pine(Pinus taeda L.). Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc 27:461-464. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700040028x
  43. Thompson, B. E.(1985) Seedling morphological evaluation - What you can tell by looking. In : Proceedings, Evaluation Seedling Quality: Principles, Procedures, and Predictive Abilities of Major Tests. Durvea, M. L. (ed.), Forest Research Lab. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis.
  44. Unger, P. W.(1978) Straw mulch effects on soil temperatures and sorghum germination and growth. Agron. J. 70: 858-864. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1978.00021962007000050036x
  45. Yoon, J. H., K. S. jeon, K. S. Song, Y. B. Park, Y. S. Moon and D. H. Lee(2014) The growth and physiological responses of Cacalia firma seedlings by shading conditions in forest farming. J. K. For. Soc 130(1): 65-71.