Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
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Characteristics of Growth, Yield, and Physiological Responses of Small-Sized Watermelons to Different Soil Moisture Contents Affected by Irrigation Starting Point in a Plastic Greenhouse

소형 수박 시설 재배 시 관수개시점에 따른 토양수분 함량별 생육, 수량 및 생리적 반응 특성 구명

  • Huh, Yoon-Sun (Department of Crop Research, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Jeong (Watermelon Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Noh, Sol-Ji (Watermelon Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Jeon, Yu-Min (Watermelon Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Park, Sung-Won (Watermelon Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Yun, Geon-Sig (Watermelon Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Il (Watermelon Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Young-Ho (Department of Crop Research, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services)
  • 허윤선 (충청북도농업기술원 작물연구과) ;
  • 김은정 (충청북도농업기술원 수박연구소) ;
  • 노솔지 (충청북도농업기술원 수박연구소) ;
  • 전유민 (충청북도농업기술원 수박연구소) ;
  • 박성원 (충청북도농업기술원 수박연구소) ;
  • 윤건식 (충청북도농업기술원 수박연구소) ;
  • 김태일 (충청북도농업기술원 수박연구소) ;
  • 김영호 (충청북도농업기술원 작물연구과)
  • Received : 2020.07.21
  • Accepted : 2020.09.16
  • Published : 2020.10.31
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Abstract

Watermelon yield mainly depends on soil water content controlled by irrigation in a plastic greenhouse. In this study, we investigated the effect of different soil moisture contents affected by irrigation starting point on growth, yield, and physiological responses of small-sized watermelons. Irrigation was initiated at 5 different levels of soil water content as a starting point with soil moisture detecting sensor after 14 days of transplanting, and stopped at 7 ~ 10 days before harvest. These treatments were compared with the conventional periodic irrigation as control. When soil had the lowest moisture content (-50 kPa), the overall shoot growth was retarded, but the root length and root dry weight increased. The photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) of watermelon leaves decreased significantly in the lowest soil moisture content (-50 kPa). On the other hand, the photosynthetic rates of watermelon leaves grown with irrigation starting point between -20 and -40 kPa were observed to be higher than those of other treatments. Fruit set rate and marketable fruit yield increased significantly at -30 kPa and -40 kPa. Proline, abscisic acid (ABA), total phenol and citrulline, which are known to contribute to stress tolerance under drought condition, increased as soil water content decreased, particularly, the largest increases were recorded at -50 kPa. From these results, it was found that an appropriate water supply adjusted with an irrigation starting point between -30 and -40 kPa could help to keep favorable soil water content during the cultivation of small-sized watermelons, promoting the marketable fruit production as well as inducing the vigorous plant growth and reproductive development.

본 연구는 시설 내 소형 수박 재배 시 관수개시점에 따른 토양수분 함량별 생육, 수량 및 생리적 반응 특성의 차이를 구명하고 소형 수박 생산에 유리한 관수조건을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 토양수분 센서를 이용하여 정식 후 14일부터 수확 7 ~ 10일 전까지 관수개시점별 5처리(-10, -20, -30, -40, 50 kPa)를 두어 관수하였다. 토양수분 함량이 가장 낮은 개시점-50 kPa 처리에서 전반적인 지상부 생육특성은 저조하였으나, 근장 및 뿌리 건물율은 증가하였다. 광합성률, 기공전도도 및 증산율 비교 시, 관수개시점-50 kPa 처리에서 가장 낮았고, -20 kPa ~ -40 kPa 처리 시 광합성률은 높게 조사되었다. 착과율 및 총 상품수량은 -30 kPa 및 -40 kPa 처리에서 각각 84.7 ~ 85.5%, 5,144 ~ 5,305 kg/10a으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 식물체의 외부환경 관련 스트레스 지표 물질로 알려진 프롤린, ABA, 총 페놀 및 시트룰린의 함량은 토양수분 함량이 낮아질수록 증가하였으며, 특히 관수개시점-50 kPa 처리에서 가장 높게 조사되었다. 따라서 이와 같은 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 시설 내 안정적인 소형 수박 생산을 위하여 관수개시점을 -30 kPa ~ -40 kPa 수준으로 조정하여 토양수분 함량을 조절하는 것이 수박 생육 향상 및 상품수량 증대에 가장 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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