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An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Corporate and Radical Innovation based on Patent Information

특허 정보를 이용한 기업의 급진적 혁신에 관한 실증연구

  • Received : 2020.07.06
  • Accepted : 2020.10.05
  • Published : 2020.10.31

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze features of radical innovative businesses using their patents. Although patents have been used to evaluate outcomes of businesses from the 1980s, it is challenging to use patents for radical innovations. We examined the possibility of taking advantage of patents for an indicator that represents a radical innovation in pharmaceutical industry. To this end, we collected FDA approval data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and patent data of 18 pharmaceutical companies. For analysis, we utilized the network centrality analysis and Wilcoxon signed ranked test, which is a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used to compare two related samples. We observed that a radical innovative company typically cooperates with other research groups, such as universities and companies, and acts as a hub for connectivity in pharmaceuticals. Also, we found that there are differences in centrality between radical firms and non-radical firms. Thus, we expect that the results of this study will help in developing strategies for research and development of pharmaceutical companies and identifying factors affecting radical innovation in the future.

본 연구에서는 급진적 혁신을 수행하는 기업의 특징을 특허 데이터를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 1980년도부터 특허 정보는 기업의 성과를 측정하기 위한 중요한 지표로 활용되어 왔지만, 급진적 혁신을 대표하기는 어려웠다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 특허 집약 산업(Patent Active Industry)인 제약 산업에서 특허 정보가 급진적 혁신 지표로서 활용 될 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 분석을 위해 약 10년간의 FDA 승인 데이터, 국외 기업의 특허 데이터를 활용하였으며 네트워크 중심성 분석(Centrality Analysis)과 비모수적 분석법인 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정(Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test)을 실시하였다. 네트워크 분석 결과 급진적 혁신을 수행하는 기업의 경우 다른 기업들보다 대학 및 타 제약 기업과 협력 활동이 활발함을 시각적으로 확인 할 수 있었으며, 통계분석 결과 급진적 혁신을 수행하는 기업과 그렇지 않은 기업 간 연결 중심성(Degree Centrality)과 근접 중심성(Closeness Centrality)에 차이가 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기업의 연구개발 전략 및 정책 수립에 활용 될 것을 기대하며, 향후에는 기업의 급진적 혁신에 영향을 미치는 요소가 무엇인지 정량 분석이 가능할 것이다.

Keywords

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