DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

FRMD7-associated Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome

  • Choi, Kwang-Dong (Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute) ;
  • Choi, Jae-Hwan (Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2020.09.03
  • 심사 : 2020.09.22
  • 발행 : 2020.10.31

초록

Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. To date, more than 100 genes have been reported to cause INS and there is significant overlap in phenotypic characteristics. The most common form of X-linked INS is attributed to FRMD7 at Xq26. Recent advances in molecular genetics have facilitated the identification of pathogenic variants of FRMD7 and the investigation for underlying mechanisms of FRMD7-associated INS. This review summarizes genetic and clinical features of FRMD7-associated INS, and introduces updates on the pathogenesis of FRMD7 mutation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Leigh RJ, Zee DS. The Neurology of Eye Movements, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, New York; 2015.
  2. Brodsky MC, Dell'Osso LF. A unifying neurologic mechanism for infantile nystagmus. JAMA Ophthalmol 2014;132(6):761-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5833
  3. Richards MD, Wong A. Infantile nystagmus syndrome: clinical characteristics, current theories of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Can J Ophthalmol 2015;50(6):400-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2015.07.010
  4. Gottlob I, Proudlock FA. Aetiology of infantile nystagmus. Curr Opin Neurol 2014;27(1):83-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000058
  5. Self J, Lotery A. A review of the molecular genetics of congenital Idiopathic Nystagmus (CIN). Ophthalmic Genet 2007;28(4):187-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/13816810701651233
  6. Watkins RJ, Thomas MG, Talbot CJ, Gottlob I, Shackleton S. The Role of FRMD7 in Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus. J Ophthalmol 2012;2012:460956.
  7. Tarpey P, Thomas S, Sarvananthan N, Mallya U, Lisgo S, Talbot CJ, et al. Mutations in FRMD7, a newly identified member of the FERM family, cause X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus Nat Genet 2006;38(11):1242-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1893
  8. Thomas MG, Crosier M, Lindsay S, Kumar A, Thomas S, Araki M, et al. The clinical and molecular genetic features of idiopathic infantile periodic alternating nystagmus. Brain 2011;134(Pt 3):892-902. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq373
  9. Thomas MG, Crosier M, Lindsay S, Kumar A, Araki M, Leroy BP, et al. Abnormal retinal development associated with FRMD7 mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2014;23(15):4086-93. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddu122
  10. Betts-Henderson J, Bartesaghi S, Crosier M, Lindsay S, Chen HL, Salomoni P, et al. The nystagmus-associated FRMD7 gene regulates neuronal outgrowth and development. Hum Mol Genet 2010;19(2):342-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp500
  11. Pu J, Lu X, Zhao G, Yan Y, Tian J, Zhang B. FERM domain containing protein 7 (FRMD7) upregulates the expression of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins and promotes neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells. Mol Vis 2012;18:1428-35.
  12. Pu J, Mao Y, Lei X, Yan Y, Lu X, Tian J, et al. FERM domain containing protein 7 interacts with the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor and specifically activates Rac1 signaling. PLoS One 2013;8(8):e73108. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073108
  13. Pu J, Mao Y, Xu L, Zheng T, Zhang B. Stable cell lines of human SH-SY5Y uniformly expressing wild-type or mutant-type FERM domain containing 7 gene. Exp Ther Med 2017;14(3):2277-83. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4730
  14. Pu J, Dai S, Gao T, Hu J, Fang Y, Zheng R, et al. Nystagmus-related FRMD7 gene influences the maturation and complexities of neuronal processes in human neurons. Brain Behav 2019;9(12):e01473.
  15. Watkins RJ, Patil R, Goult BT, Thomas MG, Gottlob I, Shackleton S. A novel interaction between FRMD7 and CASK: evidence for a causal role in idiopathic infantile nystagmus. Hum Mol Genet 2013;22(10):2105-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt060
  16. Yonehara K, Fiscella M, Drinnenberg A, Esposti F, Trenholm S, Krol J, et al. Congenital Nystagmus Gene FRMD7 Is Necessary for Establishing a Neuronal Circuit Asymmetry for Direction Selectivity. Neuron 201;89(1):177-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.032
  17. Jiang L, Li Y, Yang K, Wang Y, Wang J, Cui X, et al. FRMD7 Mutations Disrupt the Interaction with GABRA2 and May Result in Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020;61(5):41.
  18. Choi JH, Shin JH, Seo JH, Jung JH, Choi KD. A start codon mutation of the FRMD7 gene in two Korean families with idiopathic infantile nystagmus. Sci Rep 2015;5:13003. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13003
  19. Choi JH, Jung JH, Oh EH, Shin JH, Kim HS, Seo JH, et al. Genotype and phenotype spectrum of FRMD7-associated infantile nystagmus syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018;59(7):3181-8. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-24207
  20. Self JE, Shawkat F, Malpas CT, Thomas NS, Harris CM, Hodgkins PR, et al. Allelic variation of the FRMD7 gene in congenital idiopathic nystagmus. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125(9):1255-63. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.125.9.1255
  21. He X, Gu F, Wang Y, Yan J, Zhang M, Huang S, et al. A novel mutation in FRMD7 causing X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus in a large family. Mol Vis 2008;14:56-60.
  22. Kaplan Y, Vargel I, Kansu T, Akin B, Rohmann E, Kamaci S, et al. Skewed X inactivation in an X linked nystagmus family resulted from a novel, p.R229G, missense mutation in the FRMD7 gene. Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92(1):135-41. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2007.128157
  23. Wu S, Deng S, Song Z, Xu H, Yang Z, Liu X, et al. A Disease-Causing FRMD7 Variant in a Chinese Family with Infantile Nystagmus. J Mol Neurosci 2019;67(3):418-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-018-1245-5