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Change of Seoul's Downtown Planning: Focusing on Urban Conservation from the 1960s to the 1990s

서울시 도심 계획 방식의 변화: 1960년대부터 1990년대의 도시보전을 중심으로

  • Rhee, Bum-Hun (Institute for Urban Science, Incheon National University)
  • 이범훈 (인천대학교 도시과학연구원)
  • Received : 2020.05.28
  • Accepted : 2020.09.04
  • Published : 2020.09.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to understand changes in Seoul's downtown planning from the 1960s to 1990s. The approach was examined by classifying its formation process though urban conservation. The effects of modernization and urbanization on Seoul's downtown planning were as follows. In the 1960s, Seoul attempted to decentralize urban functions due to excessive population. In the 1970s, a policy to diversify urban functions according to Gangnam development was enacted. In the 1980s, the existing downtown declined, and the sub-downtown grew with changing urban functions. In the 1990s, the identity of the existing downtown was recognized through the Seoul Memorial Project. This study also analyzed downtown planning efforts concerned with urban conservation. First, the physical aspects of existing buildings and street facilities were maintained. Second, the spatial aspects for the maintenance of surrounding areas were proposed. Fourth, the social aspects for accessibility by Seoul citizens was improved. This analysis demonstrates the concept of urban conservation based on physical-spatial-social aspects.

본 연구는 1960 ~ 1990년대라는 시간의 경과에 따라 나타나는 서울시 도심 계획 방식의 변화를 살펴보고 도시보전의 형성 과정을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석결과, 먼저, 근대화와 도시화 등이 미친 서울시 도심 계획의 변화로 과잉 인구 문제로 인한 도심 기능의 분산 정책을 시도한 1960년대부터 강남 개발에 따른 도심의 기능 분산 정책을 추진한 1970년대, 국제이벤트와 경제성장을 이유로 기존의 도심에서 부도심으로 기능이 이전한 1980년대, 정도 600년 기념사업과 기존 도심의 역사성을 인식하게 된 1990년대까지 서울시 도심 계획의 변화를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 다음으로 시간의 경과에 따라 서울시 도심 계획에서 나타난 도시 보전의 형성 과정을 살펴보면 첫째, 기존의 건물과 가로시설물이라는 물리적 측면을 유지하였고 둘째, 문화재 주변 지역의 규제라는 공간적 측면의 유지를, 셋째, 북촌, 인사동 등 역사적 장소에 대상으로 한 공공 부문 참여인 공간적 측면의 관리를 시도하였으며, 넷째, 서울시민들에게 익숙한 장소들의 접근성을 개선한 사회적 측면의 관리 등으로 도시 보전의 개념이 물리적 - 공간적 - 사회적 측면의 순으로 형성되고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

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