벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)

  • 제15권4호
  • /
  • Pages.1-15
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 1975-7557(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2671-9509(eISSN)
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)
권호 표지

창업생태계 측정모형과 지표개발: 델파이분석을 통한 지역창업생태계 측정지표 개발

Developing Measurement Model and Indicators for Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Focusing on Regional E-Ecosystem Indicator via Delphi Analysis

  • 이우진 (국민대학교 글로벌창업벤처대학원) ;
  • 오혜미 (세종대학교 경영학부) ;
  • 김도현 (국민대학교 경영학부) ;
  • 김종성 (국민대학교 글로벌창업벤처대학원) ;
  • 김가영 (국민대학교 경영학과)
  • 투고 : 2020.05.14
  • 심사 : 2020.06.23
  • 발행 : 2020.08.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

창업생태계가 기업가정신 향상의 선행요소로 밝혀지면서 국가에서는 창업생태계 고도화를 사업들이 활발히 수행되고 있고 관련 연구도 진행하고 있다. 창업생태계는 창업자, 정부기관 및 투자자와 의 상호관계적인 작용으로 기업가정신 뿐만 아니라 국가의 경제성장을 위해 종요한 요소로 관심을 받고 있으나 창업생태계에 대한 정의를 비롯하여 국가별 제도적 및 정치학적 맥락의 상이함으로 인해 측정지표에 대한 비판이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 실정에 적합한 창업생태계 지표개발 및 각 지역의 창업생태계 수준을 측정할 수 있는 지표를 개발하고자 한다. 창업 분야별 전문가의 FGI 및 델파이 조사를 실시하여 현존하는 지표들이 국내 실정에 얼마나 부합한지를 검증하고 면밀한 검토를 통해 국내의 지역창업생태계를 측정할 수 있는 지표를 개발하였다. 그 결과, 국내 지역 창업생태계는 정책(Policy), 투자(Finance), 문화(Culture), 시장(Market), 인적자원(Human Capital), 지원(Support), 지식(Knowledge)등 7개 지표와 지표별 각각 2~4개의 하위요소, 하위요소별 각각 1~4개로 구성되어 총 22개의 하위요인, 38개의 세부요인으로 구성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 지역의 창업생태계를 진단하고 지역별 강점 특화 및 약점을 보완할 수 있는 차별적 정책을 제안하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

As the entrepreneurial ecosystem turns out to be a leading factor in improving nation's entrepreneurship, many studies are underway in the country to develop the start-up ecosystem. Although the entrepreneurial ecosystem is receiving attention as an essential factor for the nation's economic growth as well as entrepreneurship due to its inter-relationship with start-ups, government agencies and investors, criticism of measurement indicators has been increasing due to the different institutional and political contexts of each country, including the various definition of start-up ecosystem. In this study, we develop indicators that are suitable for domestic conditions in Korea and that can measure the level of start-up ecosystems in each regional level. FGI and Delphi surveys by scholarly experts in each field of start-ups & entrepreneurship were conducted to verify how well existing indicators fit the domestic situation and to develop indicators that can measure the local entrepreneurial ecosystem in Korea through close examination. As a result, the local entrepreneurial ecosystem consisted of three to four sub-components and 38 sub-components, each consisting of seven indicators, including Policy, Investment, Culture, Market, Human Capital, Support and Knowledge. It is expected that this research will be used to diagnose local start-up ecosystems and to propose discriminatory policies that can complement regional strengths and weaknesses.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Acs, Z. J., Stam, E., Audretsch, D. B., & O'Connor, A.(2017). The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9864-8
  2. Adner, R.(2017). Ecosystem as structure: an actionable construct for strategy.ﾠJournal of Management,ﾠ43(1), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316678451
  3. Adner, R., & Kapoor, R.(2010). Value creation in innovation ecosystems: how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strategic Management Journal, 31(3), 306-333. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.821
  4. Alvedalen, J., & Boschma, R.(2017). A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: Towards a future research agenda. European Planning Studies, 25(6), 887-903. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1299694
  5. Autio, E., & Thomas, L.(2013). Innovation ecosystems: implications for innovation man-agement. In: Dodgson, M., Phillips, N., Gann, D.M. (Eds.), The oxford Handbook of Innovation Management. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  6. Baumol, W. J.(1993). Formal entrepreneurship theory in economics: Existence and bounds. Journal of business venturing, 8(3), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90027-3
  7. Berger, E. S., & Kuckertz, A.(2016). Female entrepreneurship in startup ecosystems worldwide. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5163-5168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.098
  8. Bjornskov, C., & Foss, N. J.(2016). Institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: what do we know and what do we still need to know?. Academy of Management Perspectives, 30(3), 292-315. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0135
  9. Bosma, N., & Kelley, D.(2019). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2018/2019 Global Report. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA).
  10. Cho, Y. S., & Kim, M. K.(2016). A Study on the Development of Performance Evaluation Index for PR Organizations in Public Institutions: Focusing on Expert Delphi Survey. The Journal of Social Science, 23(4), 95-120.
  11. Cohen, B.(2006). Sustainable valley entrepreneurial ecosystems. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.428
  12. Feld, B.(2012). Startup Communities: Building an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Your City. New York: Wiley.
  13. Genome, S.(2017). Global startup ecosystem report 2017. San Francisco: Startup Genome.
  14. Hechavarria, D. M., & Ingram, A.(2014). A review of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the entrepreneurial society in the United States: An exploration with the global entrepreneurship monitor dataset. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 26(1), 1-35.
  15. Herrmann, B. L., Gauthier, J. F., Holtschke, D., Berman, R., & Marmer, M.(2015). The global startup ecosystem ranking 2015. Retrieved from https://startup-ecosystem.compass. co/ser2015/.
  16. Iansiti, M., & Levien, R.(2004). The keystone advantage: what the new dynamics of business ecosystems mean for strategy, innovation, and sustainability. Cambridge: Harvard Business Press.
  17. InBev, A. B., Worldwide, A. P. C. O., Auto, B., Chance, C., DHL, D. P., Embraer, S. A., & Mutual, O.(2013). World Economic Forum.
  18. Isenberg, D.(2010). How to Start an Entrepreneurial Revolution. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 41-50.
  19. Isenberg, D.(2011). The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship.ﾠPresentation at the Institute of International and European Affairs.
  20. Isenberg, D.(2013). Worthless, Impossible and Stupid: How Contrarian Entrepreneurs Create and Capture Extraordinary Value. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
  21. Jang, C. K., Lee, J. Y., & Jang, J. Y.(2012). The Delphi-method Study for construction of a Career & Guidance Counseling Model for High School Students. The Korean Journal of School Psychology, 9(2), 251-273. https://doi.org/10.16983/kjsp.2012.9.2.251
  22. Jeong, D. Y., & Yoo, H. S.(1998). The Improvement of Venture Capital Investment Activities for Korean Software oriented Venture Companies. Journal of Social Science. 1, 161-199.
  23. Kim, T. Y., & Park, J. S.(2006). A Study on the Situation Structure of Korean Entrepreneurs in Japan. Journal of Japanese Culture, 1-371.
  24. Kirzner, I. M.(1997). Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach. Journal of economic Literature, 35(1), 60-85.
  25. Kirzner, I. M.(1980). The prime mover of progress. In I. Kirzner & A. Seldon (Eds.), The entrepreneur in capitalism and socialism. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
  26. Knight, F. H.(1921). Risk, uncertainty, and profit. New York: Augustus M. Lelley.
  27. KoEF(2016). 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Trend Report.
  28. Lawshe, C. H.(1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology, 28(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  29. Lee, C. S.(2014). A Study on Improvement of Special Approved Textbook Adoption Systemwith Delphi Method. Journal of Korean Practical Arts Education, 27(2), 229-243.
  30. Lee, D. G.(2014). Discussion of the Week: Current Status and Improvements of Korea's Startup Ecosystem. Weekly Financial Brief, 23(23), 2-9.
  31. Lee, J. A., & Ahn, Y. S.(2018). Developing Measurement Tool of Entrepreneurship for Young Entrepreneurs. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 13(4), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.13.4.201808.197
  32. Lee, J. W., Kim, S. W., Kim, Y. H., Kim, H. J., & Son, H. N.(2016). Comparative Study on Regional Entrepreneurship and Startup Ecosystem. Science and Technology Policy Institute, 1-190.
  33. Lee, W. J., & Oh, H. M.(2019). Designing Entrepreneurship Education Program for Parents: A Study Using Delphi Technique. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 19(1), 135-158. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2019.19.1.135
  34. Malecki, E. J.(2011). Connecting local entrepreneurial ecosystems to global innovation networks: Open innovation, double networks and knowledge integration. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 14(1), 36-59. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEIM.2011.040821
  35. Mack, E. & Heike, M.(2015). The Evolutionary Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Urban Studies, 53(10), 2118-2133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015586547
  36. Mason, C., & Brown, R.(2014). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship. Final Report to OECD, Paris, 30(1), 77-102.
  37. Von Mises, L.(1949). Human action: A treatise on economics. London, UK: William Hodge.
  38. Moore, J. F.(1993). Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harvard business review, 71(3), 75-86.
  39. Motoyama, Y., & Knowlton, K.(2016). From resource munificence to ecosystem integration: the case of government sponsorship in St. Louis. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(5-6), 448-470. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1186749
  40. Nam, J. M., & Lee, H. S.(2017). A Study on the Current State and Effect of Entrepreneurship Education in Major Countries: Comparison of the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship IndexAsia-Pacific. Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 12(6), 111-122.
  41. OECD(2018). Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2018. OECD Publishing.
  42. Schumpeter, J. A.(1912). Theorie Der Wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung: Theory of Economic Development. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot
  43. Spigel, B.(2015). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 41(1), 49-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12167
  44. Spigel, B., & Harrison, R.(2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1268
  45. Stam, E., Hartog, C., Van Stel, A., & Thurik, R.(2011). Ambitious entrepreneurship, high-growth firms and macroeconomic growth. The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor data, 231-249.
  46. Stam, E., Bosma, N., Van Witteloostuijn, A., De Jong, J., Bogaert, S., Edwards, N., & Jaspers, F.(2012). Ambitious entrepreneurship. A Review of the Academic Literature and New Directions for Public Policy, Report for the Advisory Council for Science and Technology Policy (AWT) and the Flemish Council for Science and Innovation (VRWI).
  47. Stam, E.(2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759-1769. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2015.1061484
  48. Stam, E., & Spigel, B.(2015). Entrepreneurship Ecosystem. Handbook for Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 1-18.
  49. Stam, E.(2018). Measuring entrepreneurial ecosystems. In Entrepreneurial ecosystems. Springer, Cham, 173-197.
  50. Stam, E., & Spigel, B.(2017). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, forthcoming in: Blackburn. R., De Clercq, D., Heinonen, J. and Wang, Z.(Eds) Handbook for Entrepreneurship and Small Business. SAGE: London, UK.
  51. Szerb, L., Acs, Z., Autio, E., Ortega-Argiles, R., & Komlosi, E.(2013). The regional entrepreneurship and development index-Measuring regional entrepreneurship.
  52. Tansley, A. G.(1993). An introduction to plant ecology. Discovery Publishing House.
  53. Terjesen, S., Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B., Hechavarria, D., Stam, E., & White, R.(2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: the search for performance. University of Tampa, unpublished.
  54. Um, J., & Lee, G. N.(2014). Development of Career Education For The Elementary School Teachers Using the Delphi Method. Journal of Korean Practical Arts Education, 20(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.17055/jpaer.2014.20.1.29
  55. Van de Ven, H.(1993). The development of an infrastructure for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business venturing, 8(3), 211-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90028-4
  56. Williamson, P., & De Meyer, A.(2012). Ecosystem advantage. California Management Review, 55(1), 24-46. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2012.55.1.24
  57. Wong, P., Ho, Y., & Autio, E.(2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth: Evidence from GEM data. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 335-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-2000-1
  58. 이우진.김도현.김종성.오혜미.김가영(2019). 지역 창업생태계 활성화 관련 분석 모델.지표 개발 및 지역 창업인프라 구축.운영사업의 성과지표 구축. 중소벤처기업부.창업진흥원.